许名泰｜非遗传承人

Inlaid porcelain 

潮州嵌瓷历史

2012年被列入国家级“非物质文化遗产保护名潮州嵌瓷历史悠久，早在明代万历年间就已经在民间使用。旧时民间雕塑处于兴旺时期，开始用瓷片剪裁成简单的花卉镶嵌在建筑物上。清代，潮汕各地盖祠堂和建"四马拖车"等豪宅民居风盛，装饰于建筑物之上的嵌瓷工艺随之有了进一步的发展。以灰塑为基础，利用经过剪裁的瓷片作表面装饰、嵌贴出各种图象的工艺，称为“嵌瓷”。

In 2012, it was listed in the national "intangible Cultural heritage protection name, Chaozhou inlaid porcelain has a long history, as early as the Ming Dynasty Wanli years has been used in the folk. The old folk sculpture was in a prosperous period, and began to use porcelain pieces cut into simple flowers and inlaid on buildings. In the Qing Dynasty, Chaoshan built ancestral halls and "four horse trailers" and other luxury residential style, decoration on the buildings above the porcelain technology has further development. Based on gray plastic, the process of using cut porcelain pieces for surface decoration and inlaying and pasting various images is called "inlaying porcelain".

该工艺始于明代，至清代而日臻完美，成为潮州民居特别是祠堂建筑的重要组成部分。嵌瓷虽长年经受风雨洗礼而光采依旧，被誉称为“永远亮丽的民间造型艺术”潮州嵌瓷俗称贴饶或扣饶，是广东潮汕地区的三大传统建筑装饰艺术之一，也是传统文化中稀有的特艺品种。以绘画为基础，运用各种彩色瓷片剪裁镶嵌表现形象的建筑装饰艺术。是建筑物的装饰品或供欣赏的摆设。被誉为"永远亮丽的艺术"。

The craft began in the Ming Dynasty and became more and more perfect in the Qing Dynasty, becoming an important part of Chaozhou folk houses, especially ancestral hall buildings. Although inlaid porcelain has endured the baptism of wind and rain for many years, it is still known as the "forever beautiful folk plastic art". Chaozhou inlaid porcelain, commonly known as Tiao Rao or buckle Rao, is one of the three traditional architectural decorative arts in Chaoshan region of Guangdong Province, and is also a rare special art in traditional culture. Based on painting, the use of a variety of colored porcelain pieces cut Mosaic image of architectural decorative art. An ornament on a building or a display for viewing. Known as "forever beautiful art".

Inlaid porcelain 

潮州嵌瓷的发展

嵌瓷是利用废瓷片嵌贴在建筑物屋脊，墙体，达到装饰目的一种传统民间美术。嵌瓷有圆雕，浮雕，平面装饰等几种形式。在明末才出现，有三点成因:

Inlay porcelain is a kind of traditional folk art that uses waste porcelain pieces to inlay and paste on the roof ridge and wall of buildings to achieve the purpose of decoration. Inlaid porcelain has round carving, relief, flat decoration and other forms. Appeared in the late Ming Dynasty, there are three reasons:

一是潮汕地区经唐、宋、元、明的历史变革，历史悠久，物产富庶，人文荟萃，文化昌盛，民俗风情日益丰富，为嵌瓷装饰艺术的产生提供必要条件。

First, Chaoshan region through the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming historical changes, has a long history, rich products, cultural prosperity, cultural prosperity, and increasingly rich folk customs, providing the necessary conditions for the production of porcelain decorative art.

二是潮汕平原多属南亚热带季风气候，海洋性气候明显。光照充足，雨量充沛。同时，地方特色浓郁的潮州木雕在技法上娴熟细腻，主要用于民间建筑室内装饰，可是木雕不宜暴冷暴热和干湿不匀，因此，它只宜作为室内雕刻，不适合室外装饰，这样使嵌瓷具有木雕不能代替的功能。

Second, Chaoshan Plain mostly belongs to the South Asian tropical monsoon climate, the maritime climate is obvious. There is plenty of light and rain. At the same time, Chaozhou wood carving with strong local characteristics is skilled and delicate in techniques, mainly used for interior decoration of civil buildings, but wood carving is not suitable for hot and cold and uneven wet and dry, therefore, it should only be used as indoor carving, not suitable for outdoor decoration, so that the embedded porcelain has the function of wood carving can not be replaced.

三是在明代以前，陶瓷的色彩是比较单调的，只有发展到明代，特别是嘉靖，万历时期，出现了"五彩瓷"。为陶瓷装饰开拓了新天地。嵌瓷需要丰富的色彩，彩瓷工艺的发展为嵌瓷产生提供必备条件。

Third, before the Ming Dynasty, the color of ceramics was relatively monotonous, only to develop to the Ming Dynasty, especially in the Jiajing, Wanli period, there was a "wucai porcelain". It opens up a new world for ceramic decoration. Inlay porcelain needs rich color, and the development of color porcelain technology provides the necessary conditions for inlay porcelain.

Inlaid porcelain

潮州嵌瓷艺术特点

嵌瓷，分为平嵌、浮嵌、立体嵌三种类型，俗称“激饶”或“贴饶”。这是一件工繁艺细的活儿，要以绘画为基础，采用色彩斑斓的瓷片为原料，需经敲制、剪裁、镶嵌、粘接、堆砌等各道工序，讲究构图、造型、色彩、层次、神韵等按照这种分类方法，屋顶一般三种方式都会运用到。随着新时代的到来，也有用这三种方法各自做成工艺品的，精美绚丽，回味悠长。嵌瓷色彩艳丽夺目。嵌瓷工艺美术作品久经风雨、烈日暴晒而不褪色，在年降雨量大、夏季气温高且常有台风影响的湿润地区是其他工艺品无法替代的。

Inlaid porcelain is divided into three types: flat inlaid, floating inlaid and three-dimensional inlaid, commonly known as "exciting" or "sticking". This is a complex art fine work, to be based on painting, using colorful porcelain pieces as raw materials, need to knock, tailoring, Mosaic, bonding, stacking and other processes, pay attention to composition, shape, color, level, charm, etc. According to this classification method, the roof generally three ways will be used. With the arrival of the new era, it is also useful to make handicrafts of these three methods, beautiful and gorgeous, and long aftertaste. The inlaid porcelain is colorful and dazzling. Inlaid porcelain arts and crafts have been exposed to wind and rain and the scorching sun without fading, and can not be replaced by other crafts in humid areas with large annual rainfall, high summer temperature and often affected by typhoons.

潮汕嵌瓷应用金木水火土五行色彩搭配的原理，衍生出无数的过渡色，色彩极其丰富。气势恢宏。嵌瓷艺术风格独特，布局构图气势雄伟、匀称合理，线条粗狂有力，设色对比强烈、鲜艳明快，和谐统一。嵌瓷往往作于建筑最上端，体量庞大，绚丽夺目，给人一种敬畏之感。

Chaoshan inlaid porcelain applied the principle of gold, wood, water, fire and earth five elements of color matching, derived countless transitional colors, colors are extremely rich. The momentum is magnificent. Inlaid porcelain art style is unique, the layout and composition of imposing, symmetrical and reasonable, the lines are bold and powerful, the color contrast is strong, bright and bright, harmonious and unified. Inlaid porcelain is often made at the top of the building, which is huge and dazzling, giving people a sense of awe.