Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71:209-49. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Thandra KC, Barsouk A, Saginala K, et al. Epidemiology of lung cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2021;25:45-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Welfare AIoHa. Cancer in Australia 2021. Available online: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/cancer/cancer-in-australia-2021/summary
Kalinke L, Thakrar R, Janes SM. The promises and challenges of early non-small cell lung cancer detection: patient perceptions, low-dose CT screening, bronchoscopy and biomarkers. Mol Oncol 2021;15:2544-64. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Strimbu K, Tavel JA. What are biomarkers? Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2010;5:463-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Henry NL, Hayes DF. Cancer biomarkers. Mol Oncol 2012;6:140-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Seijo LM, Peled N, Ajona D, et al. Biomarkers in Lung Cancer Screening: Achievements, Promises, and Challenges. J Thorac Oncol 2019;14:343-57. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Chevallier M, Borgeaud M, Addeo A, et al. Oncogenic driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: Past, present and future. World J Clin Oncol 2021;12:217-37. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Vijayalakshmi R, Krishnamurthy A. Targetable "driver" mutations in non small cell lung cancer. Indian J Surg Oncol 2011;2:178-88. [Crossref] [PubMed]
John A, Shah RA, Wong WB, et al. Value of Precision Medicine in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Outcomes Associated with the Use of Companion Diagnostics. Oncologist 2020;25:e1743-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Dama E, Colangelo T, Fina E, et al. Biomarkers and Lung Cancer Early Detection: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2021;13:3919. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Ru Zhao Y, Xie X, de Koning HJ, et al. NELSON lung cancer screening study. Cancer Imaging 2011;11 Spec No A:S79-84.
Aberle DR, Adams AM, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med 2011;365:395-409. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Computed tomography--an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2277-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Ten Haaf K, Jeon J, Tammemägi MC, et al. Risk prediction models for selection of lung cancer screening candidates: A retrospective validation study. PLoS Med 2017;14:e1002277. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Mamdani H, Ahmed S, Armstrong S, et al. Blood-based tumor biomarkers in lung cancer for detection and treatment. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017;6:648-60. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Lone SN, Nisar S, Masoodi T, et al. Liquid biopsy: a step closer to transform diagnosis, prognosis and future of cancer treatments. Mol Cancer 2022;21:79. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Atwater T, Cook CM, Massion PP. The Pursuit of Noninvasive Diagnosis of Lung Cancer. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016;37:670-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Barta JA, Powell CA, Wisnivesky JP. Global Epidemiology of Lung Cancer. Ann Glob Health 2019;85:8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Kerpel-Fronius A, Tammemägi M, Cavic M, et al. Screening for Lung Cancer in Individuals Who Never Smoked: An International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee Report. J Thorac Oncol 2022;17:56-66. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Cheng ES, Weber MF, Steinberg J, et al. Evaluating risk factors for lung cancer among never-smoking individuals using two Australian studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022;148:2827-40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Rivera GA, Wakelee H. Lung Cancer in Never Smokers. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016;893:43-57. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Zhang T, Joubert P, Ansari-Pour N, et al. Genomic and evolutionary classification of lung cancer in never smokers. Nat Genet 2021;53:1348-59. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Samet JM, Avila-Tang E, Boffetta P, et al. Lung cancer in never smokers: clinical epidemiology and environmental risk factors. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:5626-45. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Spyratos D, Zarogoulidis P, Porpodis K, et al. Occupational exposure and lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2013;5:S440-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Corrales L, Rosell R, Cardona AF, et al. Lung cancer in never smokers: The role of different risk factors other than tobacco smoking. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020;148:102895. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Chiou YH, Liou SH, Wong RH, et al. Nickel may contribute to EGFR mutation and synergistically promotes tumor invasion in EGFR-mutated lung cancer via nickel-induced microRNA-21 expression. Toxicol Lett 2015;237:46-54. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Martin-Gisbert L, Ruano-Ravina A, Varela-Lema L, et al. Lung cancer mortality attributable to residential radon: a systematic scoping review. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023;33:368-76. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Rizo-Maestre C, Echarri-Iribarren V. Radon Gas in the City of Alicante. High Risk of Low Indoor Air Quality in Poorly Ventilated Buildings. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:8762. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Casal-Mouriño A, Valdés L, Barros-Dios JM, et al. Lung cancer survival among never smokers. Cancer Lett 2019;451:142-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Dubin S, Griffin D. Lung Cancer in Non-Smokers. Mo Med 2020;117:375-9.
de Groot PM, Wu CC, Carter BW, et al. The epidemiology of lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018;7:220-33. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Govindan R, Ding L, Griffith M, et al. Genomic landscape of non-small cell lung cancer in smokers and never-smokers. Cell 2012;150:1121-34. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Karlsson A, Ringnér M, Lauss M, et al. Genomic and transcriptional alterations in lung adenocarcinoma in relation to smoking history. Clin Cancer Res 2014;20:4912-24. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Carozzi FM, Bisanzi S, Carrozzi L, et al. Multimodal lung cancer screening using the ITALUNG biomarker panel and low dose computed tomography. Results of the ITALUNG biomarker study. Int J Cancer 2017;141:94-101. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Hubers AJ, Heideman DA, Duin S, et al. DNA hypermethylation analysis in sputum of asymptomatic subjects at risk for lung cancer participating in the NELSON trial: argument for maximum screening interval of 2 years. J Clin Pathol 2017;70:250-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Alivernini S, Gremese E, McSharry C, et al. MicroRNA-155-at the Critical Interface of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018;8:1932. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Geng Q, Fan T, Zhang B, et al. Five microRNAs in plasma as novel biomarkers for screening of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Respir Res 2014;15:149. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Shao C, Yang F, Qin Z, et al. The value of miR-155 as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019;19:1103. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Van Roosbroeck K, Fanini F, Setoyama T, et al. Combining Anti-Mir-155 with Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Lung Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2017;23:2891-904. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Zang YS, Zhong YF, Fang Z, et al. MiR-155 inhibits the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin via negative regulation of Apaf-1 expression. Cancer Gene Ther 2012;19:773-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Sozzi G, Boeri M, Rossi M, et al. Clinical utility of a plasma-based miRNA signature classifier within computed tomography lung cancer screening: a correlative MILD trial study. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:768-73. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Bianchi F, Nicassio F, Marzi M, et al. A serum circulating miRNA diagnostic test to identify asymptomatic high-risk individuals with early stage lung cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2011;3:495-503. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Montani F, Marzi MJ, Dezi F, et al. miR-Test: a blood test for lung cancer early detection. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015;107:djv063. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Boeri M, Verri C, Conte D, et al. MicroRNA signatures in tissues and plasma predict development and prognosis of computed tomography detected lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;108:3713-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Joseph S, Harrington R, Walter D, et al. Plasma osteopontin velocity differentiates lung cancers from controls in a CT screening population. Cancer Biomark 2012;12:177-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Gu J, Xu S, Huang L, et al. Value of combining serum carcinoembryonic antigen and PET/CT in predicting EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2018;10:723-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Gao Y, Song P, Li H, et al. Elevated serum CEA levels are associated with the explosive progression of lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations. BMC Cancer 2017;17:484. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Yang D, Zhang X, Powell CA, et al. Probability of cancer in high-risk patients predicted by the protein-based lung cancer biomarker panel in China: LCBP study. Cancer 2018;124:262-70. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Triphuridet N, Vidhyarkorn S, Worakitsitisatorn A, et al. Screening values of carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment for lung cancer in combination with low-dose computed tomography in high-risk populations: Initial and 2-year screening outcomes. Lung Cancer 2018;122:243-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Ajona D, Pajares MJ, Corrales L, et al. Investigation of complement activation product c4d as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013;105:1385-93. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Ajona D, Okrój M, Pajares MJ, et al. Complement C4d-specific antibodies for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018;9:6346-55. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Ajona D, Remirez A, Sainz C, et al. A model based on the quantification of complement C4c, CYFRA 21-1 and CRP exhibits high specificity for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Transl Res 2021;233:77-91. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Li M, Zhang C, Deng S, et al. Lung cancer-associated T cell repertoire as potential biomarker for early detection of stage I lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2021;162:16-22. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Sullivan FM, Mair FS, Anderson W, et al. Earlier diagnosis of lung cancer in a randomised trial of an autoantibody blood test followed by imaging. Eur Respir J 2021;57:2000670. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Li JZ, Lai YY, Sun JY, et al. Metabolic profiles of serum samples from ground glass opacity represent potential diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019;8:489-99. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Fahrmann JF, Grapov D, DeFelice BC, et al. Serum phosphatidylethanolamine levels distinguish benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nodules and represent a potential diagnostic biomarker for lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2016;16:609-17. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Roś-Mazurczyk M, Wojakowska A, Marczak Ł, et al. Panel of serum metabolites discriminates cancer patients and healthy participants of lung cancer screening - a pilot study. Acta Biochim Pol 2017;64:513-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Noreldeen HAA, Du L, Li W, et al. Serum lipidomic biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer in nonsmoking female patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020;185:113220. [Crossref] [PubMed]
He Y, Shi J, Schmidt B, et al. Circulating Tumor Cells as a Biomarker to Assist Molecular Diagnosis for Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020;12:841-54. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Marquette CH, Boutros J, Benzaquen J, et al. Circulating tumour cells as a potential biomarker for lung cancer screening: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:709-16. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Sanchez-Salcedo P, de-Torres JP, Martinez-Urbistondo D, et al. The neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to lymphocyte ratios as biomarkers for lung cancer development. Lung Cancer 2016;97:28-34. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Tian T, Lu J, Zhao W, et al. Associations of systemic inflammation markers with identification of pulmonary nodule and incident lung cancer in Chinese population. Cancer Med 2022;11:2482-91. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Wadowska K, Bil-Lula I, Trembecki Ł, et al. Genetic Markers in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:4569. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Roland M, Rudd RM. Genetics and pulmonary medicine. 7. Somatic mutations in the development of lung cancer. Thorax 1998;53:979-83. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Yamamoto H, Yatabe Y, Toyooka S. Inherited lung cancer syndromes targeting never smokers. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018;7:498-504. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. Digital PCR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999;96:9236-41. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Leary RJ, Kinde I, Diehl F, et al. Development of personalized tumor biomarkers using massively parallel sequencing. Sci Transl Med 2010;2:20ra14. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Czarnecka KH, Migdalska-Sęk M, Antczak A, et al. Allelic imbalance in 1p, 7q, 9p, 11p, 12q and 16q regions in non-small cell lung carcinoma and its clinical association: a pilot study. Mol Biol Rep 2013;40:6671-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Xia S, Huang CC, Le M, et al. Genomic variations in plasma cell free DNA differentiate early stage lung cancers from normal controls. Lung Cancer 2015;90:78-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Liloglou T, Maloney P, Xinarianos G, et al. Sensitivity and limitations of high throughput fluorescent microsatellite analysis for the detection of allelic imbalance: application in lung tumors. Int J Oncol 2000;16:5-14. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Esposito A, Criscitiello C, Trapani D, et al. The Emerging Role of "Liquid Biopsies," Circulating Tumor Cells, and Circulating Cell-Free Tumor DNA in Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Identification of Resistance Mutations. Curr Oncol Rep 2017;19:1. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Mouliere F, Robert B, Arnau Peyrotte E, et al. High fragmentation characterizes tumour-derived circulating DNA. PLoS One 2011;6:e23418. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Snyder MW, Kircher M, Hill AJ, et al. Cell-free DNA Comprises an In Vivo Nucleosome Footprint that Informs Its Tissues-Of-Origin. Cell 2016;164:57-68. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Thierry AR. Circulating DNA fragmentomics and cancer screening. Cell Genom 2023;3:100242. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Wang S, Meng F, Li M, et al. Multidimensional Cell-Free DNA Fragmentomic Assay for Detection of Early-Stage Lung Cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023;207:1203-13. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Hackshaw A, Clarke CA, Hartman AR. New genomic technologies for multi-cancer early detection: Rethinking the scope of cancer screening. Cancer Cell 2022;40:109-13. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Lennon AM, Buchanan AH, Kinde I, et al. Feasibility of blood testing combined with PET-CT to screen for cancer and guide intervention. Science 2020;369:eabb9601. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Calabrese F, Lunardi F, Pezzuto F, et al. Are There New Biomarkers in Tissue and Liquid Biopsies for the Early Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? J Clin Med 2019;8:414. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Ehrlich M. DNA hypermethylation in disease: mechanisms and clinical relevance. Epigenetics 2019;14:1141-63. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Ehrlich M. DNA hypomethylation in cancer cells. Epigenomics 2009;1:239-59. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Chen X, Gole J, Gore A, et al. Non-invasive early detection of cancer four years before conventional diagnosis using a blood test. Nat Commun 2020;11:3475. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Alegría-Torres JA, Barretta F, Batres-Esquivel LE, et al. Epigenetic markers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexican brickmakers: a pilot study. Chemosphere 2013;91:475-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Bind MA, Baccarelli A, Zanobetti A, et al. Air pollution and markers of coagulation, inflammation, and endothelial function: associations and epigene-environment interactions in an elderly cohort. Epidemiology 2012;23:332-40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Tarantini L, Bonzini M, Tripodi A, et al. Blood hypomethylation of inflammatory genes mediates the effects of metal-rich airborne pollutants on blood coagulation. Occup Environ Med 2013;70:418-25. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Cheishvili D, Parashar S, Mahmood N, et al. Identification of an Epigenetic Signature of Osteoporosis in Blood DNA of Postmenopausal Women. J Bone Miner Res 2018;33:1980-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Wahl S, Drong A, Lehne B, et al. Epigenome-wide association study of body mass index, and the adverse outcomes of adiposity. Nature 2017;541:81-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Chen X, Yan F, Lin X, et al. DNA Methylation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020;1255:83-98. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Nilsson E, Ling C. DNA methylation links genetics, fetal environment, and an unhealthy lifestyle to the development of type 2 diabetes. Clin Epigenetics 2017;9:105. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Esquela-Kerscher A, Slack FJ. Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6:259-69. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Orozco AF, Lewis DE. Flow cytometric analysis of circulating microparticles in plasma. Cytometry A 2010;77:502-14. [Crossref] [PubMed]
O'Driscoll L, Kenny E, Mehta JP, et al. Feasibility and relevance of global expression profiling of gene transcripts in serum from breast cancer patients using whole genome microarrays and quantitative RT-PCR. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2008;5:94-104.
Cortez MA, Bueso-Ramos C, Ferdin J, et al. MicroRNAs in body fluids--the mix of hormones and biomarkers. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2011;8:467-77. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Ng EK, Chong WW, Jin H, et al. Differential expression of microRNAs in plasma of patients with colorectal cancer: a potential marker for colorectal cancer screening. Gut 2009;58:1375-81. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Hu Z, Chen X, Zhao Y, et al. Serum microRNA signatures identified in a genome-wide serum microRNA expression profiling predict survival of non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1721-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008;105:10513-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Zamay TN, Zamay GS, Kolovskaya OS, et al. Current and Prospective Protein Biomarkers of Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017;9:155. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Zhang H, Cao J, Li L, et al. Identification of urine protein biomarkers with the potential for early detection of lung cancer. Sci Rep 2015;5:11805. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Huang H, Yang Y, Zhu Y, et al. Blood protein biomarkers in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2022;551:215886. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Spratlin JL, Serkova NJ, Eckhardt SG. Clinical applications of metabolomics in oncology: a review. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:431-40. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Hu Z, Lin D, Yuan J, et al. Overexpression of osteopontin is associated with more aggressive phenotypes in human non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:4646-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Blasberg JD, Pass HI, Goparaju CM, et al. Reduction of elevated plasma osteopontin levels with resection of non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:936-41. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Tang H, Chen J, Han X, et al. Upregulation of SPP1 Is a Marker for Poor Lung Cancer Prognosis and Contributes to Cancer Progression and Cisplatin Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021;9:646390. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Zhang W, Fan J, Chen Q, et al. SPP1 and AGER as potential prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018;15:7028-36. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Zheng Y, Hao S, Xiang C, et al. The Correlation Between SPP1 and Immune Escape of EGFR Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Was Explored by Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Oncol 2021;11:592854. [Crossref] [PubMed]
O'Regan A. The role of osteopontin in lung disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2003;14:479-88. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Ashkar S, Weber GF, Panoutsakopoulou V, et al. Eta-1 (osteopontin): an early component of type-1 (cell-mediated) immunity. Science 2000;287:860-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Liaw L, Birk DE, Ballas CB, et al. Altered wound healing in mice lacking a functional osteopontin gene (spp1). J Clin Invest 1998;101:1468-78. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Bellahcène A, Castronovo V, Ogbureke KU, et al. Small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs): multifunctional proteins in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2008;8:212-26. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Grunnet M, Sorensen JB. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as tumor marker in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2012;76:138-43. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Autsavapromporn N, Klunklin P, Chitapanarux I, et al. A Potential Serum Biomarker for Screening Lung Cancer Risk in High Level Environmental Radon Areas: A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2021;11:1273. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Liu J, Zhao YQ, Han X, et al. Correlation between pre-treatment serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels and genotypes in a large population of Chinese people with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Intern Med J 2019;49:634-43. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Molina R, Agusti C, Filella X, et al. Study of a new tumor marker, CYFRA 21-1, in malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Tumour Biol 1994;15:318-25. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Sertić Milić H, Franjević A, Bubanović G, et al. Size, edge, and stage of NSCLC determine the release of CYFRA 21-1 in bloodstream. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015;127:465-71. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Abbas M, Kassim SA, Habib M, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Serum Tumor Markers in Patients With Advanced-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Palliative Chemotherapy in China. Front Oncol 2020;10:800. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Sone K, Oguri T, Ito K, et al. Predictive Role of CYFRA21-1 and CEA for Subsequent Docetaxel in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Anticancer Res 2017;37:5125-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Dall'Olio FG, Abbati F, Facchinetti F, et al. CEA and CYFRA 21-1 as prognostic biomarker and as a tool for treatment monitoring in advanced NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020;12:1758835920952994. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Pio R, Corrales L, Lambris JD, editors. The Role of Complement in Tumor Growth. Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress; 2014. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014.
Law SK, Dodds AW. The internal thioester and the covalent binding properties of the complement proteins C3 and C4. Protein Sci 1997;6:263-74. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Liu YY, Yang QF, Yang JS, et al. Characteristics and prognostic significance of profiling the peripheral blood T-cell receptor repertoire in patients with advanced lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2019;145:1423-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Li Y, Karjalainen A, Koskinen H, et al. p53 autoantibodies predict subsequent development of cancer. Int J Cancer 2005;114:157-60. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Robertson J, Chapman C, Cheung KL, et al. Autoantibodies in early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:549.
Qin J, Zeng N, Yang T, et al. Diagnostic Value of Autoantibodies in Lung Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;51:2631-46. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Zaenker P, Gray ES, Ziman MR. Autoantibody Production in Cancer--The Humoral Immune Response toward Autologous Antigens in Cancer Patients. Autoimmun Rev 2016;15:477-83. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Deja S, Porebska I, Kowal A, et al. Metabolomics provide new insights on lung cancer staging and discrimination from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014;100:369-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Rocha CM, Carrola J, Barros AS, et al. Metabolic signatures of lung cancer in biofluids: NMR-based metabonomics of blood plasma. J Proteome Res 2011;10:4314-24. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Guo Y, Wang X, Qiu L, et al. Probing gender-specific lipid metabolites and diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2012;414:135-41. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Hori S, Nishiumi S, Kobayashi K, et al. A metabolomic approach to lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2011;74:284-92. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Santos CR, Schulze A. Lipid metabolism in cancer. FEBS J 2012;279:2610-23. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Klupczynska A, Plewa S, Kasprzyk M, et al. Serum lipidome screening in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Exp Med 2019;19:505-13. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Chen Y, Ma Z, Shen X, et al. Serum Lipidomics Profiling to Identify Biomarkers for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:5276240. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Nøst TH, Alcala K, Urbarova I, et al. Systemic inflammation markers and cancer incidence in the UK Biobank. Eur J Epidemiol 2021;36:841-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Fiorelli A, Accardo M, Carelli E, et al. Circulating Tumor Cells in Diagnosing Lung Cancer: Clinical and Morphologic Analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2015;99:1899-905. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Yu N, Zhou J, Cui F, et al. Circulating tumor cells in lung cancer: detection methods and clinical applications. Lung 2015;193:157-71. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Zhang W, Xia W, Lv Z, et al. Liquid Biopsy for Cancer: Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Free DNA or Exosomes? Cell Physiol Biochem 2017;41:755-68. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Hanssen A, Loges S, Pantel K, et al. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2015;5:207. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Zhang Y, Tang Y, Sun S, et al. Single-cell codetection of metabolic activity, intracellular functional proteins, and genetic mutations from rare circulating tumor cells. Anal Chem 2015;87:9761-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Vona G, Sabile A, Louha M, et al. Isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells: a new method for the immunomorphological and molecular characterization of circulatingtumor cells. Am J Pathol 2000;156:57-63. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Ferreira MM, Ramani VC, Jeffrey SS. Circulating tumor cell technologies. Mol Oncol 2016;10:374-94. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Gonzalez J, Marín M, Sánchez-Salcedo P, et al. Lung cancer screening in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Transl Med 2016;4:160. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Maldonado F, Bartholmai BJ, Swensen SJ, et al. Are airflow obstruction and radiographic evidence of emphysema risk factors for lung cancer? A nested case-control study using quantitative emphysema analysis. Chest 2010;138:1295-302. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Theil G, Boehm C, Fischer K, et al. In vivo isolation of circulating tumor cells in patients with different stages of prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2021;21:357. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Costa C, Dávila-Ibáñez AB. Methodology for the Isolation and Analysis of CTCs. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020;1220:45-59. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature 2002;420:860-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Elinav E, Nowarski R, Thaiss CA, et al. Inflammation-induced cancer: crosstalk between tumours, immune cells and microorganisms. Nat Rev Cancer 2013;13:759-71. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 2010;140:883-99. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Powell DR, Huttenlocher A. Neutrophils in the Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Immunol 2016;37:41-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Contursi A, Grande R, Dovizio M, et al. Platelets in cancer development and diagnosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2018;46:1517-27. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Fogar P, Sperti C, Basso D, et al. Decreased total lymphocyte counts in pancreatic cancer: an index of adverse outcome. Pancreas 2006;32:22-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Grieshober L, Graw S, Barnett MJ, et al. Pre-diagnosis neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in individuals who develop lung cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2021;32:1227-36. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Kang J, Chang Y, Ahn J, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and risk of lung cancer mortality in a low-risk population: A cohort study. Int J Cancer 2019;145:3267-75. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Li J, Chen Q, Luo X, et al. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Positively Correlates to Age in Healthy Population. J Clin Lab Anal 2015;29:437-43. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Thomsen M, Ingebrigtsen TS, Marott JL, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers and exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA 2013;309:2353-61. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Gan WQ, Man SF, Senthilselvan A, et al. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Thorax 2004;59:574-80. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Hariton E, Locascio JJ. Randomised controlled trials - the gold standard for effectiveness research: Study design: randomised controlled trials. BJOG 2018;125:1716. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Moons KG, Kengne AP, Grobbee DE, et al. Risk prediction models: II. External validation, model updating, and impact assessment. Heart 2012;98:691-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Strayhorn JM Jr. Virtual controls as an alternative to randomized controlled trials for assessing efficacy of interventions. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021;21:3. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Kong CY, Sheehan DF, McMahon PM, et al. Combined Biomarker and Computed Tomography Screening Strategies for Lung Cancer: Projections of Health and Economic Tradeoffs in the US Population. MDM Policy Pract 2016;1:2381468316643968. [Crossref] [PubMed]