2023年化石能源消费、二氧化碳排放、可再生能源发电量均创新高

文摘   2024-07-05 17:03   北京  

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6月20日,能源研究所(EI)发布了最新的《世界能源统计回顾》(Statistical Review of World Energy)。报告提供了全球石油、天然气和煤炭生产和消费数据,以及二氧化碳排放量和可再生能源的统计数据。报告显示,2023年,化石能源消费量和排放量再创新高,可再生能源发电量刷新纪录。本文重点介绍该报告的部分亮点。


创纪录的能源消费量和生产量

一次能源消耗量比2022年增长了2%,超过疫情前水平的5%以上。可再生能源的增长率是一次能源总消费量的六倍,占总消费量的 14.6%。尽管如此,化石燃料仍占主导地位,占一次能源消费量的81.5%,但与2022年相比略有下降。

图1 2023年按来源分列的全球一次能源消费


全球能源消费量比2022年增加了12.3EJ。其中,化石燃料贡献了7.8EJ(占增长的63.6%),可再生能源贡献了剩余的4.5EJ。可再生能源的发展仍然无法满足全球快速增长的能源需求,更不用说取代化石燃料了。


二氧化碳排放
全球排放量增加了2.1%,首次超过400亿吨二氧化碳当量。燃烧和工业过程排放大幅增加,导致排放量达到历史最高水平。

石油市场
石油消费量达到创纪录的1亿桶/日,这主要受到中国疫情后经济复苏的推动。美国仍然是最大的石油生产国,产量比2022年增长了 8.5%。

天然气趋势
欧洲和亚洲天然气价格大幅下跌,美国的天然气价格也下跌了60%。美国天然气产量连续第三年创下新纪录,比2022年增长了4.2%。美国超过卡塔尔,成为最大的液化天然气出口国。

煤炭市场动态
煤炭产量创下历史新高,亚太地区占到近80%。在中国和印度需求增长的推动下,全球煤炭消费量刷新纪录。

电力与可再生能源
发电量增长了2.5%,其中可再生能源占比达到30%。太阳能和风能装机容量实现了前所未有的增长,中国和欧洲的新增装机量非常可观。


关键矿物
钴和锂等关键材料的价格大幅下跌,反映了全球供需的动态变化。


关键发现

虽然可再生能源发电量创纪录地增长,但化石燃料在能源结构中仍占主导地位,凸显能源转型的步伐缓慢。


能源消费和生产模式反映了持续的地缘政治动荡和疫情后的经济复苏。


发达经济体显示出化石燃料需求增长放缓的迹象,而发展中地区,尤其是全球南部地区的能源需求在继续增长。


报告强调了加快向清洁能源转型以实现气候目标和减少碳排放的重要性,同时也承认不同地区面临着不同的能源挑战和发展机遇。


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Breaking Records: 2024 Statistical Review Of World Energy Highlights


Last year, after 70 years of publishing the Statistical Review of World Energy, BP handing over publication to the Energy Institute (EI). The full report and all data can be found at this link.


The Statistical Review is instrumental in providing comprehensive data on global oil, gas, and coal production and consumption, as well as on carbon dioxide emissions and renewable energy statistics.


On June 20th, the EI published its second Statistical Review. It was another year of record highs for consumption of fossil fuels and emissions, but also record generation of renewables.


Over the next month, I will focus on various categories from the report. Today, I provide a broad overview.


Record Energy Consumption and Production


Primary energy consumption increased by 2% from 2022, surpassing pre-COVID levels by over 5%. Renewable energy grew at six times the rate of total primary energy, making up 14.6% of total consumption. But fossil fuels still dominate, constituting 81.5% of primary energy consumption despite a slight percentage decline from 2022.


Global energy consumption increased by 12.3 exajoules from 2022. Fossil fuels contributed 7.8 exajoules (63.6% of the increase) while renewables contributed the remaining 4.5 exajoules. Global energy demand continues to grow faster than the ability of renewables to keep pace, much less displace fossil fuels.


Emissions and Carbon


Global emissions rose by 2.1%, crossing 40 billion metric tons of CO₂ equivalents for the first time. Emissions from flaring and industrial processes saw significant increases, contributing to record levels.


Emissions in the U.S. declined by 2.7% from 2022, and emissions in the European Union fell by 6.6%. But, across Asia Pacific, emissions jumped 4.9%, an increase equivalent to triple the combined decline in the U.S. and EU.


Oil Market

Oil consumption reached a record 100 million barrels per day, driven largely by China's post-lockdown recovery. The U.S. remained the largest oil producer, with an 8.5% production increase from 2022.


Natural Gas Trends

Natural gas prices dropped significantly in Europe and Asia, with the US seeing a 60% price fall. U.S. production set a new record for the 3rd consecutive year, climbing 4.2% from 2022. The U.S. overtook Qatar as the largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG).


Coal Market Dynamics


Coal production hit a record high, with the Asia-Pacific region accounting for nearly 80% of output. Global coal consumption also reached new heights, driven by increased demand in China and India.


Electricity and Renewables


Electricity generation grew by 2.5%, with renewables contributing 30% of total generation. Solar and wind capacity saw unprecedented growth, with significant additions from China and Europe.


Key Minerals


Prices for key materials, such as cobalt and lithium, fell sharply, reflecting changes in global demand and supply dynamics.


Although there were record increases in renewable energy generation, fossil fuels still maintained a dominant share of the energy mix, highlighting the slow pace of the energy transition.


Energy consumption and production patterns reflected ongoing geopolitical disruptions and economic recovery post-COVID-19.


Advanced economies showed signs of slowing fossil fuel demand growth, while developing regions, particularly in the Global South, continued to drive energy demand growth.


The report emphasizes the importance of accelerating the transition to cleaner energy sources to meet climate goals and reduce carbon emissions, while also acknowledging the diverse energy challenges and developments across different regions.


本文 2024 年 6 月 22 日发布于 Forbes。文章仅代表作者观点,不代表本公众号立场。

文章内容有删减,标题为编者所加。点击“左下角”获取原文链接

封面图源:pixabay

翻译 审校/韩迪 汪燕辉    编辑/包林洁

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