11月15-16日 新教育新英语研讨会将在贞元召开
线下报名通道已满额关闭。欢迎大家线上关注
橄榄树老师说:
想请宜镁为即将召开的“新教育·新英语”研讨会写篇演讲稿,分享自己学习英语的故事。虽然我只是隔壁班路人甲一枚,但我知道她是在热爱中学习英语的典范——她对音乐、文学以及写作有着疯狂的热爱。然而,她交给我的却是一篇论文一样的严肃文章,而不是故事。
我说,这个……用来演讲,好像不能实现我们设置学生演讲板块的初衷啊!这篇论文,在这样的场合讲起来,你……确定效果会好吗?
宜镁说,可是我就想谈我对英语的看法。
怎么办?修改,她说没灵感,可是,她如此生动的故事,不发掘出来,又心有不甘。于是,突发奇想,有了你们或许已经看过的这三个采访视频和这篇现在作为文字发表出来的论文。
当时,我其实只想剪个三两分钟,但是,我们一聊聊了40分钟,我似乎从来未曾有过如此激动的对话。所以晚上放学之后,我用六七个小时连夜剪出了视频。我想加上字幕,同时对照字幕删去口语化的停顿,但它却删了很多不该删的,而自动识别的字幕错误改也改不完(大哭)。所以,聪明的你一定要忽略技术硬伤,而去关注背后那个怀揣热爱和激情的孩子。
宜镁的故事,可以与雨桐互文——
11月15-16日,新教育新英语研讨会即将在贞元召开
线下报名通道已满额关闭。欢迎大家线上关注
语言与文学的关系
The Relationship Between Language and Literature
海德格尔曾说过,语言是存在的家园。在这句话中,他强调了语言的重要性。而我认为,文学可以被称作语言的家园。因此,我想重申文学在这一逻辑链条中的关键作用。
Martin Heidegger said that language is the home of existence. In this statement, he emphasizes the importance of language. At the same time, I believe that literature can be called the home of language. Therefore, I would like to reiterate the crucial role that literature plays in the entire chain of logic.
一、语言的复杂性
TheComplexity of Language
当我们讨论日常生活中的语言时,往往习惯性地仅将其视为一种为了沟通而产生的实用工具,主要功能在于促进交流。我们常常有一个误解,认为不同国家和文化的人之间的沟通和理解障碍只是由于语言的不同。例如,许多人认为,中国人只要学会英语,就可以与外国人进行良好的沟通。然而,实际上,语言的复杂性远不止于此。它与传统、习俗、文化、生活方式息息相关,并深刻影响人们的思维方式。这种复杂性使得不同母语的使用者在思考同一事物时,可能会有完全不同的方式。语言更像是一个高度复杂的系统,它可以影响一个国家、一个民族甚至整个人类社会。然而,语言的系统性在日常的沟通中往往未能得到充分展现。在日常的对话中,能够展现语言全貌的机会太少了,大多数时候,我们使用的是一些社会上约定俗成的、比较通用的概念。这些概念无需过多定义或解释,因为它们并无太大差异。然而在文学中,语言的呈现方式则截然不同。在文学作品中,语言往往用于讲述故事,一个关于外部世界的故事,一个关于人与人之间关系及人与世界的关系的故事。在这些故事中,语言的作用远超其实用性。这些叙事使得世界上某个地方的人们能够通过语言,去认识另一处的人如何生活、沟通、思考,如何与世界产生联系,如何构建文明。
Whendiscussing language in our daily lives, we often habitually regard it merely as a practical tool produced for communication, with its main function lying in facilitating interactions. We frequently harbor the misconception that the lack of communication and understanding between people from different countries and cultures is solely due to language barriers. For example, many believe that Chinese people can communicate effectively with foreigners simply by learning English. However, in reality, language is much more complex than that. It relates to tradition, customs, culture, lifestyle, and significantly influences people's thoughts. This complexity allows speakers of different native languages to think about the same concept in completely different ways. Language is akin to a highly intricate system that can affect a country, a nation, or even all of human society. However, the systematic nature of language is often not fully demonstrated in communication. In daily dialogue, there are too few instances that reveal language in its entirety; most of the time, we use relatively common concepts that have been socially agreed upon. These concepts do not require extensive definition or interpretation, as they do not significantly differ. Yet in literature, language is presented in a markedly different manner. In literature, language is often employed to tell a story—a narrative that concerns the external world, the people within it, their interactions with each other, and their connections to the broader world. In such stories, there is far more at stake than the mere practicality of language. These narratives allow people from one part of the world to recognize through language how those in another place live, communicate, think, connect with the world, and build civilizations.
二、文学如何整合语言
HowLiterature integrate languages
例如,在古代的欧洲文学和中国文学中,比喻这一写作手法都十分常见。但如果仔细比较其使用方式,就会发现其中有显著差异。中文的比喻往往十分精确,名词必须与名词对应,动作必须与动作相符,二者之间通常有着强烈的关联性。而西方的比喻则没有这样的硬性要求。例如,中文的月亮描写可能会说“月亮像一块玉做的盘子”,而西方的表达则可能会说“月亮像我正在孕育的爱情”。两者都存在于正宗的文学中。这些例子表明,中国与其他国家之间的不同语言习惯,导致了不同的表达方式,最终产生了不同的思维方式和看待世界的角度。这只是语言中较为简单的一面。还有一些词语的定义,在不同语言体系中更加复杂,需要在文学语境中进行解释。以“遗产”这个词为例,在中文中,这个词大多数情况下指的是上一代留给下一代的遗物和资产。然而,在英文中,它更多指的是一个人在一生中所取得的成就与贡献。例如,我们学习过的音乐剧《汉密尔顿》中,贯穿始终的重要主题便是人们如何能够留下自己的“遗产”。尽管“遗产”一词在其中文翻译中依旧保留着资产的含义,但任何观看过这部剧的人都不会将其解读为仅仅指代一代人传给另一代的物质财富。这样的叙述方式,填补了两个不同语言体系之间的空隙。
Forinstance, whether in ancient European or ancient Chinese literature, the writing technique of metaphor is prevalent. However, a comparison of how this technique is employed reveals significant differences. Chinese metaphors tend to be very precise; nouns must correspond to nouns, actions must correlate with actions, and there is usually a strong connection between the two words. In contrast, there is no such mandatory requirement in Western metaphors. For example, a Chinese description of the moon might state, "The moon is like a plate made of jade," while a Western expression might say, "The moon is like the love I’m nurturing." Both statements exist within authentic literature. These examples illustrate that different linguistic habits between Chi na and other countries lead to varying methods of expression, ultimately resulting in different ways of thinking and perspectives on the world. This is just the simpler aspect of language. Some definitions of words are more complex across different language systems and require interpretation within a literary context. Take the word "legacy" as an example. In Chinese, this term most often refers to the relics and assets left by previous generations to their descendants. However, in English, it typically denotes the achievements and contributions made by individuals during their lifetimes. For instance, the musical *Hamilton*, which we have studied, addresses a significant theme throughout: how individuals can leave their legacy. Although the word "legacy" in its Chinese translation still conveys the notion of assets, no one who has watched the show would interpret it as merely referring to the material inheritance passed down from one generation to the next. The presentation of such narratives bridges a gap between two distinct language systems.
三、文学如何创造语言
HowLiterature create languages
然而,文学对语言的影响远不止于此。有时,作家不仅整合了已有的语言,使其更加完整,还基于已有的语言创造了全新的语言。在古代中国的诗歌中,杜鹃鸟由于其尖锐嘶哑的叫声,成为了悲伤的象征。因此,在后代人提到杜鹃鸟时,便会不自觉地感到忧伤。同样的,梅花迎着冰风寒雪盛开,被视为坚强不屈的象征。因此,每当我们提到梅花时,都会油然而生一种敬意。而在古代西方文学中,太阳、月亮、水、火等自然现象,由于其具有更强的破坏性,人们对其往往怀有恐惧之心。然而,后来的作家通过神话创作,将这些未知的巨大力量人格化,塑造成神灵,改变了人们的恐惧,转而为一种敬畏。这些独特的语言符号,正是通过文学诞生的,并成为了一种文明的标志。无法理解它们,就无法读懂这个文明。
Yet,that is not the extent of literature's impact on language. Sometimes, writers not only integrate existing languages to make them more complete but also create entirely new languages based on the existing ones. In ancient Chinese poetry, the cuckoo is viewed as a symbol of sadness due to its sharp and hoarse cry. Consequently, in later generations, whenever this bird is mentioned, people involuntarily feel sorrow. Similarly, plum blossoms, which bloom in winter amidst icy winds and heavy snow, are seen as a sign of a strong and unyielding spirit. Thus, whenever we speak of plum blossoms, we evoke a sense of admiration. In ancient Western literature, natural phenomena like the sun, moon, water, and fire were often feared, as they were perceived as more destructive forces. However, later writers personified these formidable unknown powers as gods through myth-making, transforming people's fear into a form of reverence. These unique linguistic symbols are born from literature, becoming the hallmarks of a civilization. If one cannot comprehend them, understanding civilization becomes impossible.
四、文学如何塑造与反映文明
HowLiterature shape and reflect Civilization
因此,我们常常发现,不同国家和地区的文学作品在风格上千差万别,但同时也有很多相似之处。俄罗斯文学往往沉重、压抑、黑暗;日本文学常常痛苦、迷茫,夹杂着淡淡的忧伤;中国文学厚重、写实、讽刺,深深扎根于历史和文化的积淀之中;欧洲文学则恢弘、大气,充满人文主义色彩;而我尤其钟爱的拉美文学则代表着魔幻现实主义,它是极美与极残酷的文学。这些文学作品正反映了它们所诞生的文明和历史,并以各种语言将这些叙述传播到世界各地。文学是人类精神的最佳载体之一,而语言是探究它的最重要手段。
As a result, we often find that the literary works of different countries and regions exhibit distinct styles while sharing numerous similarities. Russian literature tends to be heavy, depressing, and dark; Japanese literature is often painful, full of confusion, and tinged with faint sadness; Chinese literature is thick, realistic, satirical, and deeply rooted in historical and cultural deposits; European literature is characterized by its grandeur, liberality, and humanism; while Latin American literature, which I particularly cherish, embodies magical realism—a literature of unparalleled beauty and cruelty. These literary works reflect precisely the civilizations and histories from which they emerged, disseminating their narratives around the world in various languages. Literature serves as one of the finest carriers of the human spirit, and language is the most important means to explore it.
五、语言、文学与存在
Language, Literature, and Existence
由此,我们可以理解,如果我们不通过文学来学习语言,就无法理解语言所蕴含的逻辑及其作为一个整体的系统性。更无法知道,在一个词与一句话之间传达着什么,它代表着什么,与我们和这个星球上的其他人有着怎样的关系,最终我们将不懂得如何存在,如何理解存在。
From this perspective, we can understand that if we fail to learn a language through the lens of literature, we will not grasp the logic embedded in the language and its systematic nature as a whole. Furthermore, we will remain oblivious to what is conveyed between a word and a sentence, what it represents, and the relationships it holds with us and others on this planet. Ultimately, we will not comprehend how to exist or understand existence.
以上就是我想表达的全部内容。
That is all I wish to convey.
END
贞元学校以“过一种幸福完整的教育生活,建一座承续薪火的精神家园”为使命,以学习者为中心,扎根心理学、教育学和中西哲学,创造研发并持续迭代新教育K12卓越课程系统。2023年起承办新教育“学科写作”研讨会、“玩游戏学数学”研讨会,“新语文”学科研讨会,均受普遍关注。
本次英语学科研讨会,可以全面看到:
贞元英语的课程实施原理、方法;
贞元学生的学科表现;
四部贞元学生的英文童话剧、音乐剧展示;
学生英文演讲show;
全校的英文专场小桥音乐会;
……
适合:
中小学教师、校长;
对课程研发和教育感兴趣的各界朋友;
想要深入了解贞元英语课程体系以及课程研发底层逻辑的家长;
……