The Journal of Public Economics is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering public economics, with particular emphasis on the application of modern economic theory and methods of quantitative analysis. It provides a forum for discussion of public policy of interest to an international readership. It was established in 1972 by Tony Atkinson and is published by Elsevier.
《公共经济学期刊（JPubE）》是一份涵盖公共经济学的同行评审学术月刊，特别强调现代经济理论和定量分析方法的应用，旨在鼓励对公共经济学问题做出原创性科学贡献。它为国际读者群讨论感兴趣的公共政策提供了一个论坛。它由 Tony Atkinson 于 1972 年创立，由 Elsevier 出版。JPubE 已经成为公共经济学领域的顶级期刊（Field Top）。点击文末“阅读原文”可跳转JPubE期刊官网。
注：中文摘要为机翻内容，未完全校对。
文章目录
1.All is not lost: Organized crime and social capital formation
并非全部丧失：有组织犯罪与社会资本形成
Paolo Buonanno, Irene Ferrari, Alessandro Saia
2.From viewers to voters: Tracing Fox News’ impact on American democracy
从观众到选民：追踪福克斯新闻对美国民主的影响
Elliott Ash, Sergio Galletta, Matteo Pinna, Christopher S. Warshaw
3.Who truly bears (bank) taxes? Evidence from only shifting statutory incidence
谁真正承担（银行）税收？仅从法定税负转移的证据
Gabriel Jiménez, David Martinez-Miera, José-Luis Peydró
4.Misperceived effectiveness and the demand for psychotherapy
误解的有效性和心理治疗的需求
Christopher Roth, Peter Schwardmann, Egon Tripodi
5.The effects of lump-sum food benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic on spending, hardship, and health
COVID-19疫情期间一次性食品福利对消费、困难和健康的影响
Lauren Bauer, Krista Ruffini, Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
6.Place-based policies, structural change and female labor: Evidence from India’s Special Economic Zones
基于地点的政策、结构变化和女性劳动力：来自印度经济特区的证据
Johannes Gallé, Daniel Overbeck, Nadine Riedel, Tobias Seidel
7.The scale and nature of neighborhood effects on children
邻里效应对儿童的影响规模和性质
Stephen B. Billings, Mark Hoekstra, Gabriel Pons Rotger
8.Laffer’s day in court: The revenue effects of criminal justice fees and fines
法庭上的“拉弗曲线”：刑事司法费用和罚款的收入效应
Samuel Norris, Evan K. Rose
中英摘要
1.All is not lost: Organized crime and social capital formation
并非全部丧失：有组织犯罪与社会资本形成
Paolo Buonanno, Irene Ferrari, Alessandro Saia
We investigate how institutional quality influences social capital by exploiting a policy designed to fight organized crime in Italy: the dismissal of city councils following criminal infiltration into local governments. To measure social capital, we employ a novel, fine-grained indicator based on Italy’s 5 per Mille provision, which allows taxpayers to allocate a portion of their income tax to non-profit organizations. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that city council dismissals lead to a significant increase in social capital. We document that the perceived strengthening of law enforcement is the primary mechanism through which city council dismissals enhance social capital.
我们研究了制度质量如何影响社会资本，利用意大利旨在打击有组织犯罪的政策：在犯罪分子渗透到地方政府后解散市议会。为了衡量社会资本，我们采用了一个基于意大利5%条款的新颖、精细的指标，该条款允许纳税人将部分所得税分配给非营利组织。使用差异-差异策略，我们发现市议会的解散导致社会资本显著增加。我们记录了感知到的执法加强是市议会解散增强社会资本的主要机制。
2.From viewers to voters: Tracing Fox News’ impact on American democracy
从观众到选民：追踪福克斯新闻对美国民主的影响
Elliott Ash, Sergio Galletta, Matteo Pinna, Christopher S. Warshaw
This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the effect of Fox News Channel (FNC) on the mass public’s political preferences and voting behavior in the United States from 2000 to 2020. We show that FNC has shifted the ideology and partisan identity of Americans rightward. This shift has helped Republican candidates in elections across levels of U.S. government over the past decade. Our estimates suggest that an increase of 0.05 rating points in Fox News viewership, induced by exogenous changes in channel placement, has increased Republican vote shares by at least 0.5 percentage points in recent presidential, Senate, House, and gubernatorial elections. Our findings have broad implications for political behavior, elections, and the political process in the United States.
本文全面评估了福克斯新闻频道（FNC）从2000年到2020年对美国大众政治偏好和投票行为的影响。我们展示了FNC如何将美国人的意识形态和党派身份向右移动。在过去十年中，这种转变帮助了共和党候选人在各级美国政府选举中获胜。我们的估计表明，由于频道布局的外生变化导致的福克斯新闻收视率增加0.05个百分点，至少增加了共和党在最近总统、参议院、众议院和州长选举中的投票份额0.5个百分点。我们的发现对美国的政治行为、选举和政治过程有着广泛的影响。
3.Who truly bears (bank) taxes? Evidence from only shifting statutory incidence
谁真正承担（银行）税收？仅从法定税负转移的证据
Gabriel Jiménez, David Martinez-Miera, José-Luis Peydró
We analyze the effects of only shifting the statutory incidence of taxes by exploiting: (i) a mortgage tax shift from being levied on borrowers to being levied on banks, without tax rate changes; (ii) some areas –for historical reasons– being tax-exempt (or having different tax rates); and (iii) administrative data. After the shift, the average mortgage rate increases, less for households with more banking opportunities or with higher income. The tax pass-through is nonexistent for high-income households, but complete for low-income households. Consistently, banks’ risk-taking increases, especially by more policy-affected banks. Results are consistent with a model in which all borrowers have tax saliency issues and differ in their bargaining power vis-à-vis the lender. Overall, the evidence is inconsistent with the irrelevance of statutory incidence and suggests unintended consequences on inequality and banks’ risk-taking.
我们分析了仅通过转移法定税负的影响，利用：（i）将抵押贷款税从借款人转移到银行，而不改变税率；（ii）由于历史原因，一些地区免税（或有不同的税率）；以及（iii）行政数据。转移后，平均抵押贷款利率上升，但对于拥有更多银行机会或收入较高的家庭来说，上升幅度较小。对于高收入家庭来说，税收传递是不存在的，但对于低收入家庭来说是完全的。一致的是，银行的风险承担增加，尤其是受政策影响更大的银行。结果与一个模型一致，即所有借款人都有税收显著性问题，并在与贷方的议价能力上有所不同。总体而言，证据与法定税负的无关性不一致，并暗示了对不平等和银行风险承担的意外后果。
4.Misperceived effectiveness and the demand for psychotherapy
误解的有效性和心理治疗的需求
Christopher Roth, Peter Schwardmann, Egon Tripodi
While psychotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating depression, take-up remains low. In a sample of 1843 depressed individuals, we document that effectiveness concerns are top of mind when respondents consider the value of therapy. We then show that the average respondent underestimates the effectiveness of therapy. An information treatment correcting this misperception increases participants’ incentivized willingness to pay for a 320 therapy from 166 to 176. Our evidence suggests that while information can influence therapy demand by altering beliefs and shifting attention, it may not significantly increase demand unless substantial subsidies are provided.
尽管心理治疗已被证明对治疗抑郁症有效，但接受率仍然很低。在1843名抑郁症患者的样本中，我们记录了当受访者考虑治疗的价值时，效果问题是最令人关注的问题。然后我们展示了平均受访者低估了治疗的有效性。纠正这种误解的信息处理增加了参与者为320美元治疗支付的激励意愿，从166美元增加到176美元。我们的证据表明，虽然信息可以通过改变信念和转移注意力来影响治疗需求，但除非提供大量补贴，否则它可能不会显著增加需求。
5.The effects of lump-sum food benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic on spending, hardship, and health
COVID-19疫情期间一次性食品福利对消费、困难和健康的影响
Lauren Bauer, Krista Ruffini, Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
This paper examines how providing families with lump-sum in-kind assistance during the pandemic affected food hardship, economic well-being, and maternal health. We study the introduction of a new program, P-EBT, that provided grocery vouchers worth approximately 300 per student during spring and summer 2020. Using cross-state variation in program timing, we find that families spent 18–42 per student per week in the 6 weeks after benefit receipt. Household food insufficiency and children’s food insecurity among low-income families declined by 27–49 % in the month following receipt, and maternal mental health improved by 0.9 standard deviation.
本文研究了在大流行期间向家庭提供一次性实物援助如何影响食物困难、经济福祉和母亲健康。我们研究了一个新的项目——P-EBT，该项目在2020年春季和夏季为每个学生提供了价值约300美元的杂货券。利用项目时间的跨州变化，我们发现家庭在收到福利后的6周内每个学生每周花费18至42美元。低收入家庭的户主食物不足和儿童食物不安全在收到后的一个月内下降了27-49%，母亲的心理健康提高了0.9个标准差。
6.Place-based policies, structural change and female labor: Evidence from India’s Special Economic Zones
基于地点的政策、结构变化和女性劳动力：来自印度经济特区的证据
Johannes Gallé, Daniel Overbeck, Nadine Riedel, Tobias Seidel
This paper quantifies the local economic impact of special economic zones (SEZs) established in India between 2005 and 2013. Using a novel dataset that combines census information on the universe of Indian firms with geo-referenced data on SEZs, we find that the establishment of SEZs increased local manufacturing and service employment, with positive spillovers up to 10 km from the SEZ area. The analysis shows that the gains in manufacturing and service employment were accompanied by a decline in agricultural labor, especially for women, suggesting that the policy contributed to structural change. In further analysis, we document that significant local employment effects occur across different types of SEZs: privately and publicly run zones, and SEZs with different industry designations.
本文量化了2005年至2013年在印度建立的经济特区（SEZs）对当地经济的影响。使用一个结合了印度所有公司普查信息和SEZs地理参考数据的新数据集，我们发现SEZs的建立增加了当地的制造业和服务就业，对SEZ区域10公里范围内有正面的溢出效应。分析表明，制造业和服务就业的增长伴随着农业劳动力的下降，特别是对女性而言，这表明该政策促成了结构变化。在进一步的分析中，我们记录了不同类型的SEZs：私营和公营区域，以及具有不同行业指定的SEZs，都对当地就业产生了显著影响。
7.The scale and nature of neighborhood effects on children
邻里效应对儿童的影响规模和性质
Stephen B. Billings, Mark Hoekstra, Gabriel Pons Rotger
Research documents a causal impact of place on children’s long-run outcomes. However, little is known about the scale at which neighborhood effects operate, and thus what it is about neighborhoods that matters. By using the quasi-random assignment of public housing along with administrative data from Denmark, we get inside the “black box” of neighborhood effects by defining neighborhoods using various characteristics and scales. Results indicate effects on education and earnings are large but local, while effects on drug possession operate on a broader scale. Additionally, unemployment and education are better predictors of outcomes than neighborhood income.
研究记录了地点对儿童长期结果的因果影响。然而，关于邻里效应运作的规模以及邻里的哪些方面重要，人们知之甚少。通过使用丹麦的公共住房准随机分配以及行政数据，我们通过使用各种特征和规模定义邻里，深入“黑箱”中的邻里效应。结果表明，对教育和收入的影响是大的但局限于当地，而对毒品持有的影响则在更广泛的规模上运作。此外，失业和教育比邻里收入更能预测结果。
8.Laffer’s day in court: The revenue effects of criminal justice fees and fines
法庭上的“拉弗曲线”：刑事司法费用和罚款的收入效应
Samuel Norris, Evan K. Rose
Many jurisdictions levy sizable fines and fees (legal financial obligations, or LFOs) on criminal defendants. Proponents argue LFOs are a “tax on crime” that funds courts and provides deterrence; opponents argue they do neither. We examine the fiscal implications of lowering LFOs. Incentives to default generate a “Laffer” curve with revenue eventually decreasing in LFOs. Using detailed administrative data, however, we find few defendants demonstrably on the right-hand side of the curve. Those who are tend to be poor, Black, and charged with felonies. As a result, decreasing LFOs for the average defendant would come at substantial cost to governments.
许多司法管辖区对刑事被告征收高额的罚款和费用（法律财务义务，或LFOs）。支持者认为LFOs是一种“犯罪税”，可以资助法院并提供威慑；反对者认为它们两者都做不到。我们考察了降低LFOs的财政影响。违约的激励产生了一个“拉弗”曲线，随着LFOs的增加，收入最终会减少。然而，使用详细的行政数据，我们发现很少有被告明显处于曲线的右侧。那些处于曲线右侧的被告往往是穷人、黑人，并被控重罪。因此，为普通被告减少LFOs将给政府带来巨大成本。
声明：推文仅代表文章原作者观点，以及推文作者的评论观点，并不代表本公众号平台的观点。
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