文献速递|葡萄牙阿威罗大学JHM:紫外线过滤器污染和低 pH 值的影响： 多胁迫环境下贻贝精子和成体的生物标志物

第一作者：Alessia Cuccaro

通讯作者：Rosa Freitas

通讯单位：葡萄牙阿威罗大学环境与海洋研究中心（CESAM）和生物系

DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136405

Fig. 1. Violin plots displaying physiological and biochemical responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis sperm cells exposed to UV-filters 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) or benzophenone-3 (BP-3) under different pH levels (8.2-ambient and 7.7-low). A. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels; B. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production: superoxide anions (O2-); C. Intracellular ROS production: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); D. Viability (MTT assay); E. DNA integrity. Significant differences among exposure concentrations for each UV-filter (4-MBC/BP-3) and pH level were denoted by different letters: lowercase and regular for 4-MBC at pH 8.2; uppercase and regular for 4-MBC at pH 7.7; bold and italic lowercase for BP-3 at pH 8.2; bold and italic uppercase for BP-3 at pH 7.7. Significant differences between pH levels per UV-filter concentration were indicated by asterisks (*).

Fig. 2. Violin plots depicting physiological responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis adults exposed to UV-filters 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) or benzophenone-3 (BP-3) under different pH levels (8.2-ambient and 7.7-low). A. Condition index (CI); B. Filtration rate (FR). Significant differences among exposure concentrations for each UV-filter (4-MBC/BP-3) and pH level were denoted by different letters: lowercase and regular for 4-MBC at pH 8.2; uppercase and regular for 4-MBC at pH 7.7; bold and italic lowercase for BP-3 at pH 8.2; bold and italic uppercase for BP-3 at pH 7.7. Significant differences between pH levels per UV-filter concentration were indicated by asterisks (*).

Fig. 3. Violin plots of biochemical responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis adults exposed to UV-filters 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) or benzophenone-3 (BP-3) under different pH levels (8.2-ambient and 7.7-low). A. Electron transport system (ETS) activity; B. Carbohydrate (CARB) content; C. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels; D. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC); E. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; F. Carboxyl-esterases (CEs) activity; G. Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) activity; H. Acid phosphatase (ACP) activity; I. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity. Significant differences among exposure concentrations for each UV-filter (4-MBC/BP-3) and pH level were denoted by different letters: lowercase and regular for 4-MBC at pH 8.2; uppercase and regular for 4-MBC at pH 7.7; bold and italic lowercase for BP-3 at pH 8.2; bold and italic uppercase for BP-3 at pH 7.7. Significant differences between pH levels per UV-filter concentration were indicated by asterisks (*).

Fig. 4. Multivariate analysis (PCO) graph based on biological responses in Mytilus galloprovincialis sperm cells and adults, following exposure to UV-filters 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) or benzophenone-3 (BP-3) under different pH levels (8.2-ambient and 7.7-low). Pearson correlation vectors (r > 0.75) are overlaid on the graph as supplementary descriptors: ACP, ROS-O2-, LPOAdults, SOD, LPOSperm, AKP, CEs and GSTs.