老年皮肤瘙痒症诊疗与康复专家共识(2025版)
中国康复医学会皮肤病康复专业委员会 中国中西医结合学会皮肤性病专业委员会老年皮肤病学组
通信作者:王宏伟,Email:hongweiwang2005@aliyun.com;谢志强,Email:xiezq66@163.com
【引用本文】 中国康复医学会皮肤病康复专业委员会,中国中西医结合学会皮肤性病专业委员会老年皮肤病学组. 老年皮肤瘙痒症诊疗与康复专家共识(2025版)[J].中华皮肤科杂志,2025, 58(1):1-8. doi:10.35541/cjd.20240407
Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of pruritus in the elderly (2025 edition)
Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Dermatology; Working Group on Geriatric Dermatology, Combination of Traditional and Western Medicine Dermatology
Corresponding authors: Wang Hongwei, Email: hongweiwang2005@aliyun.com; Xie Zhiqiang, Email: xiezq66@163.com
皮肤瘙痒症是老年人群中最常见的临床病症之一,病因复杂,可源于皮肤病和非皮肤病,也可能病因不清[1],其发病率随年龄增加而逐渐升高[2-3]。我国60岁以上老年人群中瘙痒症总患病率为31.0%[4]。2018年版世界卫生组织国际疾病分类(ICD)11首次针对衰老相关疾病纳入了扩展代码“Ageing-Related 衰老相关”(XT9T),即衰老是一个年龄相关疾病的重要危险因素,或将衰老作为年龄相关疾病病因[5],老年皮肤瘙痒症属于一种衰老相关的疾病或综合征[6-8]。本专家组在复习相关文献及充分讨论的基础上,针对定义、疾病分类、诊断标准及治疗等方面达成共识,推荐给皮肤科医生及全科医生临床实践参考。
尹光文(郑州大学第一附属医院)、邓列华(暨南大学附属第一医院)、王宏伟(复旦大学附属华东医院)、王小兵(江西省皮肤病专科医院)、木其日(内蒙古自治区国际蒙医医院)、石磊(复旦大学附属华东医院)、池丽俏(复旦大学附属青浦医院)、乔建军(浙江大学医学院附属第一医院)、陈柳青(武汉市第一医院)、李玉叶(昆明医科大学第一附属医院)、张国龙(同济大学附属皮肤病医院)、张国强(河北医科大学第一医院)、何威(贵黔国际总医院)、张理涛(天津市中医药研究院附属医院)、张海萍(首都医科大学宣武医院)、李晶晶(苏州市第五人民医院)、李福伦(上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院)、杨骥(复旦大学附属中山医院)、郑文军(广西医科大学第一附属医院)、苗国英(河北工程大学附属医院)、郑瑞(山西医科大学第一医院)、赵梓纲(解放军总医院海南医院)、贾虹(中国医学科学院皮肤病医院)、曹先伟(南昌大学第一附属医院)、谢志强(北京大学第三医院)、鲁建云(中南大学湘雅三医院)、蔡绥勍(浙江大学医学院附属第二医院)
李福伦、郑瑞
所有作者均声明无利益冲突
参 考 文 献
[1] Valdes-Rodriguez R, Stull C, Yosipovitch G. Chronic pruritus in the elderly: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management[J]. Drugs Aging, 2015,32(3):201-215. doi: 10.1007/s40266-015-0246-0.
[2] Yalçin B, Tamer E, Toy GG, et al. The prevalence of skin diseases in the elderly: analysis of 4099 geriatric patients[J]. Int J Dermatol, 2006,45(6):672-676. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632. 2005.02607.x.
[3] Ju Y, Pei H, Kang N, et al. Prevalence and potential risk factors of chronic pruritus among community middle-aged and older population in Beijing, China[J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2022,36(7):1074-1079. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18041.
[4] 陈师, 高静, 柏丁兮, 等. 中国老年性皮肤瘙痒症患病率的Meta分析[J]. 中国循证医学杂志, 2020,20(5):562-567. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.201910023.
[5] Calimport S, Bentley BL. Aging classified as a cause of disease in ICD-11[J]. Rejuvenation Res, 2019,22(4):281. doi: 10.1089/rej.2019.2242.
[6] Clerc CJ, Misery L. A literature review of senile pruritus: from diagnosis to treatment[J]. Acta Derm Venereol, 2017,97(4):433-440. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2574.
[7] 谢志强. 老年瘙痒症:从症状到疾病[J]. 皮肤科学通报, 2019,36(4):480-490.
[8] Abel MK, Jelousi S, Berger T, et al. Immunological eruptions of ageing: reframing chronic pruritic rashes in older adults[J]. Br J Dermatol, 2021,185(3):638-639. doi: 10.1111/bjd.20414.
[9] 中国中西医结合学会皮肤性病专业委员会老年皮肤病学组. 老年皮肤瘙痒症诊断与治疗专家共识[J]. 中国皮肤性病学杂志, 2018,32(11):1233-1237. doi: 10.13735/j.cjdv.1001-7089. 201808168.
[10] Berger TG, Steinhoff M. Pruritus in elderly patients--eruptions of senescence[J]. Semin Cutan Med Surg, 2011,30(2):113-117. doi: 10.1016/j.sder.2011.04.002.
[11] Steinhoff M, Al-Khawaga S, Buddenkotte J. Itch in elderly patients: origin, diagnostics, management[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2023,152(1):42-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.009.
[12] Roh YS, Khanna R, Patel SP, et al. Circulating blood eosinophils as a biomarker for variable clinical presentation and therapeutic response in patients with chronic pruritus of unknown origin[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2021,9(6):2513-2516.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.01.034.
[13] Roh YS, Choi J, Sutaria N, et al. Itch: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic workup[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2022,86(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.07.076.
[14] 中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会. 慢性瘙痒管理指南(2024版)[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2024,57(5):387-399. doi: 10.35541/cjd.20230746.
[15] Reich A, Chatzigeorkidis E, Zeidler C, et al. Tailoring the cut-off values of the visual analogue scale and numeric rating scale in itch assessment[J]. Acta Derm Venereol, 2017,97(6):759-760. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2642.
[16] 谢志强, 傅君舟, 陈敢, 等. 改良川岛瘙痒严重度评价方法与视觉模拟评分法的相关性[J]. 中国医学科学院学报, 2018,40(4):539-542. doi: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.10320.
[17] Bastien CH, Vallières A, Morin CM. Validation of the insomnia severity index as an outcome measure for insomnia research[J]. Sleep Med, 2001,2(4):297-307. doi: 10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4.
[18] Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale[J]. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 1983,67(6):361-370. doi: 10. 1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.
[19] Finlay AY, Khan GK. Dermatology life quality index (DLQI)--a simple practical measure for routine clinical use[J]. Clin Exp Dermatol, 1994,19(3):210-216. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x.
[20] Choi EH. Gender, age, and ethnicity as factors that can influence skin pH[J]. Curr Probl Dermatol, 2018,54:48-53. doi: 10.1159/000489517.
[21] Wang Z, Man MQ, Li T, et al. Aging-associated alterations in epidermal function and their clinical significance[J]. Aging (Albany NY), 2020,12(6):5551-5565. doi: 10.18632/aging. 102946.
[22] Wang B, Han J, Elisseeff JH, et al. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its physiological and pathological implications[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2024,25(12):958-978. doi: 10.1038/s41580-024-00727-x.
[23] Du LX, Zhu JY, Mi WL. Cytokines and chemokines modulation of itch[J]. Neuroscience, 2022,495:74-85. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.035.
[24] Mansfield AS, Nevala WK, Dronca RS, et al. Normal ageing is associated with an increase in Th2 cells, MCP-1 (CCL1) and RANTES (CCL5), with differences in sCD40L and PDGF-AA between sexes[J]. Clin Exp Immunol, 2012,170(2):186-193. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04644.x.
[25] Terekhova M, Swain A, Bohacova P, et al. Single-cell atlas of healthy human blood unveils age-related loss of NKG2C(+)GZMB(-)CD8(+) memory T cells and accumulation of type 2 memory T cells[J]. Immunity, 2024,57(1):188-192. doi: 10. 1016/j.immuni.2023.12.014.
[26] Oetjen LK, Mack MR, Feng J, et al. Sensory neurons co-opt classical immune signaling pathways to mediate chronic itch[J]. Cell, 2017,171(1):217-228.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.006.
[27] Sutaria N, Adawi W, Goldberg R, et al. Itch: pathogenesis and treatment[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2022,86(1):17-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.07.078.
[28] Feng J, Luo J, Yang P, et al. Piezo2 channel-Merkel cell signaling modulates the conversion of touch to itch[J]. Science, 2018,360(6388):530-533. doi: 10.1126/science.aar5703.
[29] Hadad R, Mandelli ML, Rankin KP, et al. Itching frequency and neuroanatomic correlates in frontotemporal lobar degeneration[J]. JAMA Neurol, 2024,81(9):977-984. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol. 2024.2213.
[30] Bressler R, Bahl JJ. Principles of drug therapy for the elderly patient[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 2003,78(12):1564-1577. doi: 10. 4065/78.12.1564.
[31] Nowak DA, Yeung J. Diagnosis and treatment of pruritus[J]. Can Fam Physician, 2017,63(12):918-924.
[32] 程淋燕, 王怡, 卫颖漪, 等. 三亚油酸甘油酯对皮肤屏障的保护作用研究[J]. 皮肤科学通报, 2024,41(03):299-304.
[33] Wang Y, Lu H, Cheng L, et al. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in atopic dermatitis with trilinolein: a triacylglycerol from the medicinal plant Cannabis fructus[J]. Phytomedicine, 2024,132:155856. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155856.
[34] Katayama I, Aihara M, Ohya Y, et al. Japanese guidelines for atopic dermatitis 2017[J]. Allergol Int, 2017,66(2):230-247. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.12.003.
[35] Hayama K, Takano Y, Tamura J, et al. Effectiveness of a heparinoid-containing moisturiser to treat senile xerosis[J]. Australas J Dermatol, 2015,56(1):36-39. doi: 10.1111/ajd.12179.
[36] Valdes-Rodriguez R, Stull C, Yosipovitch G. Chronic pruritus in the elderly: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management[J]. Drugs Aging, 2015,32(3):201-215. doi: 10.1007/s40266-015-0246-0.
[37] Nowak DA, Yeung J. Diagnosis and treatment of pruritus[J]. Can Fam Physician, 2017,63(12):918-924.
[38] Grozdev IS, Van Voorhees AS, Gottlieb AB, et al. Psoriasis in the elderly: from the medical board of the national psoriasis foundation[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2011,65(3):537-545. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.05.014.
[39] Al-Ghnaniem R, Short K, Pullen A, et al. 1% hydrocortisone ointment is an effective treatment of pruritus ani: a pilot randomized controlled crossover trial[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2007,22(12):1463. doi: 10.1007/s00384-007-0325-8.
[40] Sher LG, Chang J, Patel IB, et al. Relieving the pruritus of atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis[J]. Acta Derm Venereol, 2012,92(5):455-461. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1360.
[41] Duque MI, Yosipovitch G, Fleischer AB Jr, et al. Lack of efficacy of tacrolimus ointment 0.1% for treatment of hemodialysis-related pruritus: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2005,52(3 Pt 1):519-521. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.08.050.
[42] Yosipovitch G, Gold LF, Lebwohl MG, et al. Early relief of pruritus in atopic dermatitis with crisaborole ointment, a non-steroidal, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor[J]. Acta Derm Venereol, 2018,98(5):484-489. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2893.
[43] Ciechanowicz P, Rakowska A, Sikora M, et al. JAK-inhibitors in dermatology: current evidence and future applications[J]. J Dermatolog Treat, 2019,30(7):648-658. doi: 10.1080/09546634. 2018.1546043.
[44] Chen X, Han X, Cheng B, et al. Efficacy and safety of bilastine vs. levocetirizine for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria: a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, phase Ⅲ, non-inferiority, randomized clinical trial[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2024,137(12):1480-1482. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003071.
[45] 中国中西医结合学会皮肤性病专业委员会环境与职业性皮肤病学组. 抗组胺药在皮肤科应用专家共识[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2017,50(6):393-396. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030. 2017.06.001.
[46] Yasuda KI, Ishiuji Y, Endo T, et al. Cyclosporine improves sleep quality in patients with atopic dermatitis[J]. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb), 2020,10(6):1359-1369. doi: 10.1007/s13555-020-00451-2.
[47] Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Bieber T, et al. Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part Ⅱ[J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2018,32(6):850-878. doi: 10.1111/jdv. 14888.
[48] Kursewicz C, Valdes-Rodriguez R, Yosipovitch G. Methotrexate in the treatment of chronic itch in the geriatric population[J]. Acta Derm Venereol, 2020,100(1):adv00037. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3360.
[49] Matsuda KM, Sharma D, Schonfeld AR, et al. Gabapentin and pregabalin for the treatment of chronic pruritus[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2016,75(3):619-625.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016. 02.1237.
[50] Lee J, Shin JU, Noh S, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of naltrexone combination therapy in older patients with severe pruritus[J]. Ann Dermatol, 2016,28(2):159-163. doi: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.2.159.
[51] Raap U, Ständer S, Metz M. Pathophysiology of itch and new treatments[J]. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol, 2011,11(5):420-427. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834a41c2.
[52] Kumagai H, Ebata T, Takamori K, et al. Effect of a novel kappa-receptor agonist, nalfurafine hydrochloride, on severe itch in 337 haemodialysis patients: a phase Ⅲ, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2010,25(4):1251-1257. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp588.
[53] Weiner DE, Schaufler T, McCafferty K, et al. Difelikefalin improves itch-related sleep disruption in patients undergoing haemodialysis[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2024,39(7):1125-1137. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfad245.
[54] Alsebayel MM, Alzaid T, Alobaida SA. Dupilumab in acquired perforating dermatosis: a potential new treatment[J]. JAAD Case Rep, 2022,28:34-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.08.013.
[55] Jeon J, Wang F, Badic A, et al. Treatment of patients with chronic pruritus of unknown origin with dupilumab[J]. J Dermatolog Treat, 2022,33(3):1754-1757. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1880542.
[56] Bal A, Sorensen A, Ondreyco SM. Nonbullous erythrodermic pemphigoid with florid lymphadenopathy, response to dupilumab[J]. JAAD Case Rep, 2021,17:58-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021. 09.014.
[57] Guttman-Yassky E, Bissonnette R, Ungar B, et al. Dupilumab progressively improves systemic and cutaneous abnormalities in patients with atopic dermatitis[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2019,143(1):155-172. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.08.022.
[58] Wu K, Jabbar-Lopez ZK. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE mAb, receives approval for the treatment of chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria[J]. J Invest Dermatol, 2015,135(1):13-15. doi: 10.1038/jid.2014.362.
[59] 中华医学会皮肤性病学分会荨麻疹研究中心. 抗IgE疗法——奥马珠单抗治疗慢性荨麻疹专家共识[J]. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2021,54(12):1057-1062. doi: 10.35541/cjd.20210568.
[60] Guttman-Yassky E, Thaçi D, Pangan AL, et al. Upadacitinib in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: 16-week results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2020,145(3):877-884. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11. 025.
[61] Eichenfield LF, Flohr C, Sidbury R, et al. Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in combination with topical therapy in adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: the JADE TEEN randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Dermatol, 2021,157(10):1165-1173. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.2830.
[62] Wang F, Morris C, Bodet ND, et al. Treatment of refractory chronic pruritus of unknown origin with tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis[J]. JAMA Dermatol, 2019,155(12):1426-1428. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.2804.
[63] Buttgereit T, Grekowitz EM, Metz M. Baricitinib rapidly and sustainably relieves a patient from chronic pruritus of unknown origin refractory to dupilumab[J]. JAAD Case Rep, 2021,15:36-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.06.028.
[64] Kwatra SG, Bordeaux ZA, Parthasarathy V, et al. Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in prurigo nodularis and chronic pruritus of unknown origin: a nonrandomized controlled Trial[J]. JAMA Dermatol, 2024,160(7):717-724. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol. 2024.1464.
[65] 中华中医药学会皮肤科分会. 皮肤瘙痒症中医治疗专家共识[J]. 中国中西医结合皮肤性病学杂志, 2017,16(2):189-190. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0709.2017.02.036.
[66] 李斌, 陈达灿.中西医结合皮肤性病学[M]. 北京: 中国中医药出版社, 2017.
[67] Chung BY, Um JY, Kim JC, et al. Pathophysiology and treatment of pruritus in elderly[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020,22(1):174. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010174.
[68] Schut C, Mollanazar NK, Kupfer J, et al. Psychological interventions in the treatment of chronic itch[J]. Acta Derm Venereol, 2016,96(2):157-161. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2177.
[69] 凯特林·弗朗卡. 应激与皮肤疾病—从基础到临床[M]. 张海萍, 译. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2021.
相关文章推荐
|开放获取·指南与共识|老年特应性皮炎诊疗专家共识(2023版)
|开放获取·指南与共识|慢性瘙痒管理指南(2024版)(附郝飞教授解读视频)
老年特应性皮炎:度普利尤单抗治疗的药物留存率及安全性解析(附第一作者胡清洁解读视频)
Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Pruritus (2018)
版权声明
本号为《中华皮肤科杂志》编辑部微信公众号,任何报刊、网站、微博、微信公众号等在未征得本编辑部同意的前提下,不得对本号原创作品进行转载、摘编。如需转载、摘编,需征得编辑部同意,并支付稿酬(个人微信进行转发,分享,不受约束)。
喜欢这篇文章,就在下面吧!