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Don’t Call Us Girls: Women’s Activism, Protest and Actions in the Vietnam War by Barbara Leonora Tischler
《别叫我们女孩： 美国越战时期的妇女活动、抗议和行动》
作者：芭芭拉·莱奥诺拉·蒂施勒
《别叫我们女孩：美国越战时期的妇女活动、抗议和行动》追溯到第二次世界大战前，讲述了妇女及其盟友从白宫到凯旋门抗议和平的集体呼声，预示着她们对当今世界的影响。妇女在工作场所发挥着重要作用，富兰克林·罗斯福称她们为 “民主的兵工厂”。当男人们从战场归来后，政府机构和著名心理医生等强大力量鼓励妇女回到家中的“位置”。回到家后，她们才意识到，她们可以利用作为家庭主妇所掌握的技能，开始组织自己的团体，掀起一股抗议行动的浪潮，这股浪潮席卷了整个20世纪50年代末，并在接下来的20年里汇聚成民权运动的浪潮。在20世纪60年代和70年代，没有任何机构或惯例是神圣不可侵犯的——妇女生活的许多方面都可以接受批评、抗议和改变。在这个无拘无束的时代，妇女们争论不休，从国际核政策、妇女薪酬平等和儿童保育，到生育权利和性政治。她们在街头、白宫外、特拉法加广场、凯旋门、大学校园等任何地方进行抗议。她们厌倦了社会赋予她们的角色，在看到20世纪70年代“第二波女权主义”兴起后似乎有望带来的实质性变化之前，她们不会罢休。虽然我们仍然生活在父权制社会中，但我们现在享有的许多自由都要感谢这些妇女。如果说她们教会了我们什么，那就是永远不要停止对父权制的反抗，只有当我们真正平等的时候，我们才能休息。《别叫我们女孩：美国越战时期的妇女活动、抗议和行动》的最后一章提醒我们，还有很多工作要做。In a collective voice calling for peace tracing back to pre-World War II, Don’t Call Us Girls follows the protests of women and their allies from the White House to the Arc de Triomphe, heralding their impact on today’s world.Don’t Call Us Girls examines the importance of women’s participation in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, and the international anti-war movement. This collective voice for peace, and an end to nuclear proliferation, reached back to before the Second World War and then firmly embedded itself during the war years when women assumed such important roles in the workplace that Franklin D. Roosevelt called them the ‘Arsenal of Democracy’.When the men returned from war, women were encouraged by forces as powerful as government agencies and eminent psychiatrists to return to their ‘place’ at home. And return home they did, only to realize that they could use the skills they practiced as housewives to begin organizing themselves into groups that would start a wave of protest action that swept through the late 1950s, gathering up the Civil Rights Movement as it hurtled ever forward through the next two decades.In the 1960s and 1970s, no institution or convention was sacred–many aspects of women’s lives were fair game for criticism, protest, and change. In this no-holds-barred era, women debated everything from international nuclear policies, pay equity and child care for women, to reproductive rights and sexual politics. They protested in the streets, outside the White House, in Trafalgar Square, at the Arc de Triomphe, on university campuses, and just about anywhere else they would be heard. They were tired of the role society had cast for them and they would not rest until they saw the substantial change that seemed promising with the emergence of Second Wave Feminism in the 1970s. While we still live in a patriarchal society, we have these women to thank for many of the freedoms we now enjoy. If they have taught us anything, it is never to stop pushing back against the patriarchy and to rest only when we are truly equal. The final chapter of Don’t Call Us Girls reminds us that there is still a lot of work to do.
