发展全面绿色转型战略

近日，国务院发布《关于加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型的意见》，明确了中国到2030年和2035年的绿色转型目标。到2030年，重点领域将实现显著的绿色转型进展，资源利用效率将大幅提升，绿色生产和生活方式基本形成。到2035年，中国将全面建立绿色、低碳、循环的经济体系，实现碳排放达峰后的稳步下降。

《意见》的战略重点涵盖产业结构转型，能源结构调整和城乡绿色建设。《意见》强调传统产业的绿色改造升级，特别是在钢铁、化工等高耗能行业，推广节能低碳技术。同时，它也鼓励加速发展绿色新兴产业，提升其在经济中的比重。在能源方面，文件指出要加快非化石能源的发展，提高其消费比重，建设清洁能源基地。在城乡建设中，《意见》倡导采用绿色规划和低碳建筑，推动城市和农村的绿色发展。

为完善这些目标，《意见》强调了财政和金融政策的支持作用。具体措施包括：健全绿色转型财税政策，构建有利于绿色发展的财政体系。发展绿色转型金融工具，如绿色股权融资、绿色融资租赁、绿色信托等，为绿色项目提供必要的金融支持。将碳减排支持工具的实施期限延至2027年年末。此外，《意见》也鼓励深化绿色发展的国际合作，积极参与引领全球绿色转型进程。

专家指出，此次文件整体突出了"全面"二字。全面绿色转型意味着将绿色发展理念融入经济社会发展的各个方面，在所有领域和地区推进全方位绿色转型。这一策略有助于塑造中国的发展新优势，打造更具全球竞争力的现代化经济体系。

Recently, the State Council released the Opinions on Accelerating the Comprehensive Green Transition of Economic and Social Development, outlining China's green transition goals for 2030 and 2035. By 2030, significant progress is expected across key sectors, with substantial improvements in resource efficiency, green production, and lifestyle practices. By 2035, China aims to fully establish a green, low-carbon, and circular economic system, with carbon emissions in steady, continuous decline, following their peak in 2030.

The strategic focus of the Opinions includes industrial structure transformation, energy structure adjustment, and green urban-rural development. The document deals with  green upgrading in the context of traditional industries, especially in high-energy-consuming sectors like steel and chemicals, by promoting energy-saving and low-carbon technologies. It also encourages accelerating the development of emerging green industries and increasing their economic contribution. In terms of energy, the document calls for the rapid development of non-fossil fuels, increasing their consumption ratio and building clean energy bases. On urban and rural construction, the Opinions advocate for green planning and low-carbon buildings to promote sustainable development.

To support these objectives, the role of fiscal and financial policies is highlighted. Specific measures include improving green transition tax and fiscal policies and developing a financial system conducive to green development. This suggests creating green financial tools such as green equity financing, green leasing, and green trusts to provide the necessary financial support for green projects. The implementation period for carbon reduction support tools is extended to the end of 2027. Additionally, the Opinions encourage deepening international cooperation in green development, actively participating in and leading the global green transition process.

Experts note that the Opinions underscore the word "comprehensive" in particular. A comprehensive green transition means integrating green development concepts into all aspects of economic and social development, advancing an all-encompassing green transition effort across all sectors and regions. This strategy will help in shaping new development advantages for China, building a more globally competitive modern economic system.