国内首部肥胖多学科诊疗指南发布，规范肥胖症预防与治疗

10月17日，国家卫健委发布了《肥胖症诊疗指南（2024年版）》（以下简称《指南》），作为国内首部针对肥胖症的多学科权威指南，《指南》强调循证医学与多学科合作，旨在提高肥胖症诊疗规范化水平。

《指南》对肥胖症临床营养、药物治疗、手术治疗、行为心理干预、运动干预等领域予以详细指导和规范，保障医疗质量安全，维护患者健康权益。《指南》对肥胖症的程度进一步精细化分级，包括轻度、中度、重度、极重度；并结合是否有肥胖症相关疾病，有针对性地治疗，帮助临床实践找到符合循证医学的对应治疗方案。

我国近几十年来经济与社会的快速发展带来了食品的极大丰富和久坐不动的生活方式，造成超重和肥胖人口迅速增加。根据《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告（2020年）》，我国成人超重和肥胖率超过 50%，6-17 岁儿童青少年接近20%，6岁以下儿童达到10%。今年卫健委为了推广健康生活方式，启动实施了“体重管理年”活动。

自2003年原卫生部发布《中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南（试行）》以来，我国发布了十余部肥胖相关的指南和专家共识，管理、营养、治疗等多个不同的专业领域的专家分别从各自的角度提供了不同的临床指南和诊疗建议。

《指南》是我国为了应对肥胖症及其相关疾病带来的日益沉重的健康负担，发布的首个的多学科综合性临床指南。为了更好发挥《指南》在肥胖症防治方面的作用，在医疗领域需要更多资源投入，在医疗领域之外，需要更全面的配套体系与政策创新的支持。

防治肥胖症也应更好地发挥创新药的作用，《指南》将以GLP-1药物为代表的创新药作为推荐治疗方案，提高这些创新药的可及性和可支付性应该成为今后惠及肥胖症及其相关疾病患者的重要手段。

On 17 October, the National Health Commission (NHC) issued its first definitive Guidelines for the Treatment of Obesity (2024 Edition) (“Guidelines”), promoting standardised, evidence-based diagnosis and treatment developed through interdisciplinary collaboration.

The Guidelines comprehensively outlines standards for clinical nutrition, drug therapy, surgical treatment, behavioural and psychological interventions, and physical exercise to ensure medical quality, safety, and patient health. It refines the classification and degree of obesity—mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe—and guides doctors in prescribing treatment based on the presence of coexisting conditions. Adhering to the Guidelines will help ensure that future clinical practices align with evidence-based medicine.

China's rapid economic and social development has led to an abundance of food and more sedentary lifestyles, resulting in a significant rise in overweight and obesity rates. A 2020 survey revealed that over 50 percent of adults, nearly 20 percent of children aged six to 17, and 10 percent of those under six are currently overweight or obese in China.  To address the issue and promote healthy lifestyles, NHC launched a campaign designating 2024 as the “Year of Weight Management.”

Since the former Ministry of Health introduced the Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Adults (Trial) in 2003, more than 10 additional documents have been released, providing a range of clinical consensus statements and intervention recommendations from experts in disease management, nutrition, and treatment.

The Guidelines represents the first comprehensive clinical framework that consolidates expertise from various disciplines to address the growing health burden posed by obesity and its associated conditions in China. However, to optimise prevention and treatment, the Guidelines should be included in a broader strategy to combat obesity. Additional policy innovations are necessary to incorporate obesity management into both medical services and non-medical initiatives.

The role of innovative drugs in preventing and treating obesity should also be highlighted. While the Guidelines recommends GLP-1 drugs as a treatment option for obesity, further efforts are needed to enhance the accessibility and affordability of such innovative treatments.