语航学苑·科普在线
飞机如何在空中转弯？
飞机在空中爬升和下降看似简单，只要驾驶员踩踩脚蹬和控制一下方向舵，飞机就可以左转或右转了，但实际上要复杂的多。和地面上行驶的汽车相比，飞机还要多出来一个侧倾转动，运动要更加立体。
Climbing and descending in the air may seem simple. When the pilot steps on the pedal and controls the rudder, the plane can turn left or right, but it is actually much more complicated. Compared with cars on the ground, the plane has one more roll and more three-dimensional movement.
那么飞机的运动还有何特别之处呢？飞机的任何动作可以分为三个基本动作，滚转、偏航和俯仰，三个动作依次需要副翼、方向舵和升降舵来实现。
Differently，any movement of the aircraft can be divided into three basic movements, roll, yaw and pitch, which require aileron, rudder and lift.
实际上飞机在空中转弯很复杂，同样包括了这三个动作。以向左转为例，飞行员踩左脚蹬，方向舵发生偏转，同时向左压杆，副翼偏转，飞机左滚转一定角度后，回杆，这个过程叫做压坡度。此时由于机翼不水平所以升力已经存在一个很小的左分量，飞机已经在左转，但转弯半径大而且在掉高度，所以飞行员此时要拉杆使升降舵偏转，飞机做俯仰动作，机头上抬，产生了更大的升力，这样飞机就可以在不丢高度的情况下实现小半径左转。在转弯到一定角度后，飞行员将杆复位，松开脚蹬，同时向右压杆，又滚转至水平位置，回杆。这样就完成了一个左转动作。
In fact, the plane turns are very complicated in the air, also including these three movements. Take the left turn as an example, when the pilot steps on the left pedal, the rudder deflects, while the left pressure lever, the aileron deflects, the aircraft rolls left at a certain Angle, and then returns to the rod. This process is called the pressure slope.
此时由于机翼不水平所以升力已经存在一个很小的左分量，飞机已经在左转，但转弯半径大而且在掉高度，所以飞行员此时要拉杆使升降舵偏转，飞机做俯仰动作，机头上抬，产生了更大的升力，这样飞机就可以在不丢高度的情况下实现小半径左转。在转弯到一定角度后，飞行员将杆复位，松开脚蹬，同时向右压杆，又滚转至水平位置，回杆。这样就完成了一个左转动作。
At this time because the wing is not horizontal so lift has a small left component, the plane has in the left, but turn radius is big and in the height, so the pilot to pull rod lift deviation, the aircraft pitch, nose lift, produced greater lift, so that the plane can not lose the height of small radius left. After turning to a certain angle, the pilot reset the rod, released the pedal, pressed the rod to the right, and rolled to the horizontal position to return to the rod. This completes a left turn movement.
机身在空中倾斜运动是自由的，驾驶杆向右转则飞机也向右倾斜，这时飞机的重力与地面垂直，可是机翼上的升力却是垂直于机翼的，此刻的升力不再指向地面的正上方而是指向斜上方。由于重力和升力的方向不同，它们不再互相平衡，于是就产生了一个垂直于机身指向右方的力，在这个力的作用下，飞机沿着一条圆弧向右转动，这与人骑自行车的体验相近似，骑车人的身体如向一侧倾斜，自行车会随之倾斜并且自动向倾斜方向转弯无须转动车把。
The fuselage leans freely in the air, and the driving rod turns right and the plane leans to the right. At this time, the gravity of the plane is perpendicular to the ground, but the lift on the wing is perpendicular to the wing, and the lift at the moment is no longer directly above the ground but oblique above. Due to the different direction of gravity and lift, they no longer balance each other, thus produced a force vertical to the fuselage to the right, under the action of the force, the plane along a arc to the right, it with the bicycle experience, cycling body such as tilt to the side, the bicycle will tilt and automatically turn without turning the handlebar.
这就是驾驶员利用驾驶杆操纵副翼使飞机转弯的道理。飞机转弯时，驾驶杆的使用与汽车转弯时方向盘的使用是完全一致的。
【制作团队】
部分图文信息来源搜狐网等
图文编辑 | 语小洛
责任编辑 | 语小霖
指导监制 | 吴云涛
