常见的飞机尾翼类型有哪些呢？
飞机尾翼主要包括水平尾翼和垂直尾翼。水平尾翼由固定的水平安定面和可动的升降舵组成，垂直尾翼由固定的垂直安定面和可动的方向舵组成。尾翼的主要作用是方向安定和方向操纵，确保飞机平稳飞行。
The aircraft empennage mainly includes thehorizontal empennage and thevertical empennage. The horizontal empennage consists of a fixed horizontal stabilizer and a movable elevator, and the vertical empennage consists of a fixed vertical stabilizer and a movable rudder. The main role of the empennage is direction stability and direction control to ensure the smooth flight of the aircraft.
常见的飞机尾翼类型包括以下几种：
常规型尾翼 | Standard Tail
这种尾翼构造拥有很高的结构稳定性和可靠度，制作与飞行调整上比较容易判断误差以利修正。然而，由于主翼与水平尾翼在同一水平线上，水平尾翼的舵面表现较易受到流经主翼气流的干扰。
This tail structure has high structural stability and reliability, and it is easy to judge the error in production and flight adjustment. However, because the main wing is on the same horizontal line as the horizontal tail, the rudder surface performance of the horizontal tail is more susceptible to interference from the air flow through the main wing.
T型尾翼 | T-Tail
常见于大型军用运输机和民用客机。T型尾翼避开了机翼尾流干扰，提高了平尾操纵效率，减小了平尾面积，从而减轻了结构重量。此外，T型尾翼便于机身后部开口，便于货物装卸。
Common in large military transport aircraft and civil passenger aircraft. The T-tail avoids wing wake interference, improves the flat tail manipulation efficiency and reduces the flat tail area, thus reducing the weight of the structure. In addition, the T-tail allows easy opening at the rear of the fuselage for cargo handling.
十字型尾翼 | Twin Tail
这种尾翼布局避开了机翼和螺旋桨的气流影响，减少了振颤，减轻了结构重量。在飞机失速时，十字型尾翼可以避免平尾失效。
This tail layout avoids the airflow effects of the wing and propeller, reduces vibration and reduces the weight of the structure. At aircraft stall, the Twin Tail can avoid flat tail failure.
V型尾翼 | V-Butterfly-Tail
这种尾翼形式常见于固定翼无人机，结合了垂尾和平尾的功能，具有很好的大仰角可控性。V型尾翼同时起纵向和航向稳定作用，当两边舵面向相同方向偏转时起升降舵作用，相反方向偏转时起方向舵作用。
This tail form is commonly seen in fixed-wing drones, combined with the function of vertical tail and tail, and has good large elevation control. The V-Butterfly-Tail is both longitudinal and heading stability, lifting when both sides of the rudder deflection in the same direction and steering in the opposite direction.
部分图文来源于 《民航专业英语：飞机与飞行》
图文编辑 | 语小洛
责任编辑 | 语小霖
指导监制 | 吴云涛
