机场，作为连接世界的重要枢纽，不仅仅是人们出行的门户，更是一个巨大的商业生态系统。那么，机场究竟是如何通过多种渠道创造收入的呢？
机场的主要收入来源于航空公司、候机楼/货站及商业的特许经营人、航空服务公司、地面运输公司、客货运代理公司、旅客、货主等。
其收入来源主要分为两大类：航空性收入（Aeronautical Revenues)和非航空性收入（Non-Aeronautical Revenues)。
航空性收入是指飞机、乘客或货物的运营和着陆直接产生的收入。它们包括飞机起降费、飞机停场费、乘客服务费、终端区导航费、地面作业服务费、保安费等。
Aeronautical revenues are those that arise directly from the operation and landing of aircraft, passengers or freight.They include aircraft take-off and landing fees, aircraft parking fees, passenger service fees, terminal area navigation fees, ground operation service fees, security fees, etc.
一般来说，世界各地大多数机场普遍都会收取飞机起降费、飞机停场费、乘客服务费三种费用。而另外其他的航空性收入如终端区空中导航费、地面服务费、安保费等是由各个机场由选择性的征收的。
Generally speaking, most airports around the world generally charge three kinds of fees: aircraft take-off and landing fee, aircraft parking fee and passenger service fee. In addition, other aviation revenues, such as terminal area air navigation fees, ground service fees and security fees, are selectively levied by various airports.
航空性收入的费用都是由政府规定收费标准。目前我国的机场基本都是政府投资兴建，加之机场关系到物资人流运转，是经济发展的重要一环，经营类似于公益性项目。航空性收入基本不贡献利润，处于收支大概平衡的状态。
The cost of aviation income is set by the government. At present, China's airports are basically invested and constructed by the government. In addition, airports are related to the operation of materials and people flow, and are an important part of economic development. Their operation is similar to public welfare projects. Aeronautical revenues basically does not contribute to profits, and is in a state of roughly balanced revenue and expenditure.
非航空性业务收入是指机场满足因飞机起降、旅客和货物过港等基本需求而衍生出来的提供其他需求服务产生的收入，主要包含了广告、餐饮经营、零售、贵宾服务、停车场、航空配餐、航空货站等与航空业务相关衍生出来的经营业务的收费。
Non-aviation business income refers to "the income generated by providing other demand services derived from meeting the basic needs of aircraft take-off and landing, passengers and cargo transit", mainly including advertising, catering operations, retail, VIP services, parking lots, aviation catering, air cargo terminals and other business charges derived from aviation business.
（1）商业收入：主要是机场的零售、餐饮等业务，在非航空收入中占比较大
Commercial income: mainly retail, catering and other businesses of the airport, accounting for a large proportion of non-aviation income.
（2）停车场收入：机场客运量大，不管是去送机或接机，还是自己开着车去坐飞机，都有将车停在机场的需要，停车场收入和商业收入对于机场来说都是一笔重要的比较稳定的收入
Parking lot income: The airport has a large passenger volume, whether it is to see off or pick up, or to drive to take a plane, there is a need to park the car at the airport, parking lot income and commercial income are an important and relatively stable income for the airport.
（3）广告收入：主要有广告屏、灯箱，在候机厅的电视娱乐系统、廊桥通道外墙、手推车上的平面广告收入等；
Advertising income: mainly includes advertising screen, light box, TV entertainment system in the waiting hall, exterior wall of the corridor bridge, print advertising income on the trolley, etc.
（4）房屋租赁收入：机场公司向航空公司提供办公室、售补票柜台、值机柜台、头等舱、公务舱休息室等场地的出租服务收取的费用。非航空性业务大部分实行市场调节价，可根据市场情况进行自主定价。
House rental income: the fees charged by the airport company for the rental services of offices, ticket counters, check-in counters, first class and business class lounges provided by the airport company to airlines. Most of the non-aviation businesses are regulated by the market and can be priced independently according to market conditions.
以上海国际机场股份有限公司为例，2019年上半年，其实现营业收入54.55亿元，同比增长21.11%；实现净利润27亿元，同比增长33.54%。
其中，非航空性收入同比增长35.09%，达到34.31亿元，占总收入的62.09%。在非航空性收入中，免税商品经营收入对机场公司的贡献随着国内外客流量的增加而快速增长。日上上海浦东机场和虹桥机场的出入境免税店，2019年上半年实现免税收入73.77 亿元，带来免税业务收入增量35.43 亿元，同期免税业务贡献机场收入为19.27亿元。
Taking Shanghai International Airport Co., Ltd. as an example, in the first half of 2019, its operating income was 5.455 billion yuan, an increase of 21.11% over the previous year, and its net profit was 2.7 billion yuan, an increase of 33.54% over the previous year. Among them, non-aviation revenue increased by 35.09% year on year, reaching 3.431 billion yuan, accounting for 62.09% of total revenue.
Among the non-aviation income, the contribution of duty-free commodity business income to airport companies has increased rapidly with the increase of domestic and foreign passenger flow. Entry-exit duty-free shops at Shanghai Pudong Airport and Hongqiao Airport realized duty-free income of 73.The tax-free business revenue increased by 3.543 billion yuan, while the tax-free business contributed 1.927 billion yuan to the airport revenue in the same period.
据预测，目前国内三大机场上海机场、白云机场、深圳机场免税收入预计2024年分别达到上88.49亿元、15.13亿元和3.15亿元。可见免税商品经营将对机场的收入有较大的贡献，它将成为机场非航空性收入的一个重要来源。
It is predicted that the tax-free revenue of Shanghai Airport, Baiyun Airport and Shenzhen Airport will reach 8.849 billion yuan, 1.513 billion yuan and 315 million yuan respectively in 2024. It can be seen that the operation of duty-free commodities will make a greater contribution to the income of the airport, and it will become an important source of non-aviation income of the airport.
由此可见，非航空业务收入对机场收入的影响非常明显。各大机场已经注意到非航空性业务对机场盈利能力的影响，也加大了非航空性业务的开展投入。
It can be seen that the impact of non-aviation business income on airport income is very obvious. Major airports have noticed the impact of non-aviation business on airport profitability, and have also increased investment in non-aviation business.
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部分图文来源于网络
图文编辑 | 赵紫彤
责任编辑 | 李昱霖
审核 | 吴云涛
