随着全球气候变化问题日益严峻，航空业作为碳排放的重要来源之一，面临着巨大的减排压力。在这样的背景下，氢能飞机以其零排放、高能量密度的特点成为航空领域的创新焦点，被视为未来绿色飞行的关键解决方案。
As the issue of global climate change becomes increasingly severe, the aviation industry, as one of the important sources of carbon emissions, is facing tremendous pressure to reduce emissions. Against this background, hydrogen-powered aircraft have become an innovative focus in the aviation field due to their characteristics of zero emissions and high energy density, and are regarded as a key solution for green flight in the future.
什么是氢能飞机
氢能飞机是一种使用氢气作为主要动力源的航空器。通过氢燃料电池或氢内燃机等技术，将氢转化为电能或热能，从而驱动飞机飞行。
Hydrogen-powered aircraft are aviation vehicles that use hydrogen as their primary power source. They convert hydrogen into electricity or heat energy to drive the aircraft to fly through technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells or hydrogen internal combustion engines.
当前实现氢动力飞行主要有两种方式，其一，燃气涡轮发动机直接燃烧氢气，即氢燃料飞机；其二，采用氢燃料电池电推进，即氢电池飞机。
There are currently two main ways to achieve hydrogen-powered flight: one is to directly burn hydrogen in a gas turbine engine, that is, a hydrogen fuel aircraft; the other is to use a hydrogen fuel cell electric propulsion, that is, a hydrogen battery aircraft.
这种技术可以完全替代传统的化石燃料，显著减少碳排放，实现飞行过程中对环境的零污染。
This technology can completely replace traditional fossil fuels, significantly reduce carbon emissions, and achieve zero environmental pollution during the flight process.
氢能飞机的种类
01.氢燃料飞机
主要采用氢燃料替换传统航空煤油，对飞机和推进系统的整体改动量较小，可充分利用燃气涡轮发动机的成熟技术。
It mainly uses hydrogen fuel instead of traditional aviation kerosene, with less overall changes to the aircraft and propulsion system, and can make full use of the mature technology of gas turbine engines.
1954年，美国空军工程师伦道夫·雷（Randolph Rae）提出设计一款外形类似滑翔机的飞机，该机的动力装置是他自己开发的液氢动力雷克斯发动机。这项设计重点突出了液氢燃料的潜在优势。
In 1954, Randolph Rae, an engineer with the United States Air Force, proposed the design of an airplane that looked similar to a glider, powered by his own-developed liquid hydrogen-powered Rex engine. The design highlighted the potential advantages of liquid hydrogen fuel.
02.氢燃料电池飞机
这种飞机使用氢燃料电池将氢转化为电能，驱动电动机带动推进器（如风扇或螺旋桨）产生动力。
This kind of airplane uses a hydrogen fuel cell to convert hydrogen into electricity, which drives an electric motor to power a propulsor, such as a fan or propeller, to generate thrust.
与氢燃料飞机相比，氢电池飞机在飞行过程中会非常安静，不再有发动机轰鸣的侵扰。
Compared with hydrogen fuel planes, hydrogen battery planes will be very quiet during flight, without the noise of engine roaring.
2021年11月8日，巴航工业宣布推出全新的Energia系列飞机概念设计。
On November 8, 2021, Embraer announced the launch of a new series of aircraft concept designs called Energia.
此次公布的Energia系列由采用不同推进技术的概念飞机组成，其中就包括19座的E19-H2FC氢燃料电池飞机和50座的E50-H2GT氢燃气涡轮飞机等。
The Energia series, announced this time, consists of concept planes using different propulsion technologies, including the 19-seat E19-H2FC hydrogen fuel cell aircraft and the 50-seat E50-H2GT hydrogen gas turbine aircraft.
不少研究者认为，将氢燃料燃气涡轮发动机与氢燃料电池组合形成混合电推进系统，让氢燃料发动机只在额定功率下运行并发电，由电驱系统进行功率调节，可以有效地扬长避短，充分发挥氢燃料燃气涡轮发动机与氢燃料电池的优势。
因此，氢燃料混合电推进方式被认为是未来氢能发动机的主要发展方向。
Many researchers believe that combining a hydrogen fuel gas turbine engine with a hydrogen fuel cell to form a hybrid electric propulsion system, allowing the hydrogen fuel engine to operate and generate electricity only at rated power, and regulate power by an electric drive system, can effectively make up for weaknesses and give full play to the advantages of hydrogen fuel gas turbine engines and hydrogen fuel cells.
Therefore, the hydrogen fuel hybrid electric propulsion method is considered to be the main development direction of future hydrogen energy engines.
氢能飞机代表了航空科技的未来方向，也是人类追求可持续发展的重要一步。尽管目前仍有诸多挑战，但随着技术突破和全球合作的深化，我们有理由相信，氢能飞机将在不远的未来翱翔天际，为地球带来更加清洁、可持续的航空新时代。
Hydrogen-powered planes represent the future direction of aviation technology and an important step in humanity's pursuit of sustainable development. Despite the many challenges that still exist, with technological breakthroughs and deepening global cooperation, there is reason to believe that hydrogen-powered planes will soon be flying in the skies, ushering in a new era of cleaner, more sustainable aviation for the planet.
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部分图文来源于腾讯网、国际能源网
图文编辑 | 语小彤
责任编辑 | 语小霖
指导监制 | 吴云涛
