为什么飞机起降时，耳朵会出现不适症状
乘坐过飞机的朋友们可能会有这样的体验：在飞机起飞、降落的时候，耳朵会出现耳闷、耳胀等不适症状。我们将这种情况称为“飞机耳”。
为什么会出现这种情况？
我们要怎么做才能缓解这些不适症状呢？
耳朵出现不适症状的原因 | REASON
当中耳的气压与环境气压不匹配时，阻碍了耳膜（鼓膜）正常振动，就会出现飞机耳。连接到中耳的狭窄通道称为咽鼓管，其用来调节气压。飞机耳可能会发生在飞机上升或下降时。当飞机爬升或下降时，气压变化迅速，咽鼓管往往无法快速适应，可能因此引发飞机耳。
"Airplane ears" occur when the air pressure in the middle ear does not match the ambient air pressure, preventing the eardrum (tympanic membrane) from vibrating properly. The narrow part that connects to the middle ear is called the Eustachian tube, which regulates air pressure. Airplane ears may occur when the aircraft is ascending or descending. As the aircraft climbs or descends, the air pressure changes rapidly, and the eustachian tube is often unable to adapt quickly, which may trigger the "airplane ears".
以下因素也可导致飞机耳：
水肺潜水 Scuba Diving
高压氧舱 Hyperbaric Oxygen Chamber
附近发生爆炸 An Explosion Nearby
耳咽管较小，尤其是在婴幼儿中
The Eustachian tube is small, especially in infants and young children.
普通感冒 Cold
鼻窦感染 Sinus Infections
花粉症 Hay Fever
中耳感染 Middle Ear Infections
在飞机上升和下降过程中睡着
Falls asleep during the ascent and descent of the aircraft.
在高层建筑中乘电梯或在山区开车
Take the elevator in a high-rise building or drive in the mountains.
预防和缓解“飞机耳”的方法
自我护理操作（例如打呵欠、吞咽动作或嚼口香糖）通常可以抵消气压差，改善飞机耳的症状。但是，严重的飞机耳患者可能需要就医。
在飞机爬升和降落时打呵欠或吞咽。这些动作可以活动肌肉，打开咽鼓管。您可以通过吸吮糖果或咀嚼口香糖协助完成吞咽动作。
Yawn or swallow as the plane climbs and lands.These movements move the muscles and open the Eustachian tube. You can help with your swallowing by sucking on candy or chewing gum.
在飞机爬升和降落时做瓦氏动作。在捏住鼻孔并闭紧嘴巴的同时，轻轻地吹气，就像擤鼻子一样。重复多次，尤其是在降落时，以平衡双耳与机舱之间的压力。
Do the Valsalva maneuver as the plane climbs and lands.While pinching your nostrils and closing your mouth, blow gently, as if blowing your nose. Repeat several times, especially during landing, to balance the pressure between the ears and the cabin.
在起飞和降落时不要睡觉。如果在飞机爬升和降落时保持清醒，就可以及时在感觉到耳内压力时采取一些必要的自我护理办法。
Don't sleep on takeoff and landing. If you stay awake as the plane climbs and lands, you can take care of yourself as soon as you feel pressure in your ears.
重新考虑旅行计划。如果有可能，在感冒、鼻窦感染、鼻塞或耳部感染时不要乘坐飞机。
Reconsider your travel plans.If possible, avoid flying with a cold, sinus infection, nasal congestion or ear infection.
使用非处方喷鼻剂。如果出现鼻塞，可以在起飞和降落前 30 分钟至 1 个小时使用适量喷鼻剂。
Use an over-the-counter nasal spray. In the event of nasal congestion, appropriate nasal sprays can be applied 30 minutes to 1 hour before take-off and landing.
慎用减充血药。在起飞前 30 分钟至 1 个小时口服减充血药可能会有帮助。但如果您有心脏病、心律失常、或高血压，或者您是孕妇，则要避免口服减充血药。
Careful use of decongestant.Oral decongestants 30 minutes to an hour before take-off may help. Avoid oral decongestants if you have heart disease, arrhythmia, or high blood pressure, or if you are pregnant.
图片 | 网络
图文编辑 | 李函洛
责任编辑 | 李昱霖
审核 | 吴云涛
