航班超售
航班超售是指航空公司超过航班实际座位数过量销售机票。这样做是航空公司为了提高座位利用率，之所以会出现这样的情况，是因为旅客在购票后可能会出现晚点或者临时团队取消行程的情况，航空公司为了满足更多旅客的出行和避免座位的浪费，都会超额销售机票来弥补空缺。
因此，超售机票可以让航空公司最大程度利用座位资源，提高座位利用率，从而实现利润最大化。
Flight overbooking means that airlines sell more tickets than actual number of seats on the flight. This is done by airlines in order to improve the utilization rate of seats. The reason for this situation is that passengers may be late or temporarily cancel their trips after purchasing tickets. In order to meet the needs of more passengers and avoid the waste of seats, airlines will oversell tickets to make up for the vacancies.
Therefore, overbooking allows airlines to maximize the use of seat resources, improve seat utilization, and thus maximize profits.
我国关于航班超售的相关规定
在美国和欧洲的一些航空大国中,超售最早就是行业惯例，均有明确的法律对超售行为进行管理。
而以前我国的航空客运中并没有这种做法，近年来，由于向国外航空公司学习，许多航空公司才开始超售机票。
在我国出台的《公共航空运输旅客服务管理规定》（以下简称《规定》）中关于航班超售的问题在借鉴欧美先进经验的基础上，新增“航班超售”一章，对超售时的信息告知、征集自愿者程序、优先登机规则、被拒绝登机旅客赔偿等进行了明确规定。特别是强调承运人或者其地面服务代理人应当在经征集自愿者程序未能寻找到足够的自愿者后，方可根据优先登机规则确定被拒绝登机的旅客，以最大程度减少旅客被拒绝登机。
In some big aviation countries in the United States and Europe, overbooking is the earliest industry practice, and there are clear laws to manage overbooking behavior.
In the past, there was no such practice in China's air passenger transport. In recent years, due to learning from foreign airlines, many airlines began to oversell tickets.
On the basis of drawing lessons from the advanced experience of Europe and the United States, a new chapter of "flight overbooking" has been added to the Regulations on the Administration of Public Air Transport Passenger Services，which clearly stipulates the information notification, volunteer recruitment procedures, priority boarding rules and compensation for passengers who are refused to board. In particular, it is emphasized that the carrier or its ground service agent shall determine the denied boarding according to the priority boarding rule only after failing to find enough volunteers through the volunteer recruitment procedure.To minimize the number of passengers denied boarding.
同时，《规定》还对旅客被拒绝登机后的出具证明、客票退改服务、赔偿等后续处置工作进行了明确。
At the same time, the Regulations also clarify the follow-up disposal work of issuing certificates, ticket refund services and compensation after passengers are refused boarding.
关于维权
近年来因“机票超售”，引发的纠纷也日渐增多。这些纠纷主要集中在旅游出行旺季航空公司为降低航班经常无法满座造成的亏损进行“超售”，乘客被通知无座位需要退改签，甚至有的航空公司私自改签乘客机票或不及时退款赔偿，以至引发乘客的维权纠纷。
In recent years, disputes caused by "overbooking of air tickets" have been increasing. These disputes mainly focus on the "overbooking" of airlines in order to reduce the losses caused by flights that are often not full during the peak season of travel. Passengers are informed that no seats need to be refunded and changed, and even some airlines change passenger tickets privately or do not refund compensation in time, which leads to disputes over passengers'rights protection.
作为旅客，如果遇到机票超售应该运用好自己的正当权利，首先要了解并熟悉各国运输安全管理规定，其次要通过合情、合理的方法申请赔偿。如果对现场处理结果不满意的话，旅客应保留好相关证据，向航空公司更高层的部门进一步协商解决。如果协调未达成一致，或者对航空公司的处理结果依然不满，旅客还可向民航局消费者事务中心进行投诉、或选择向法院起诉，要求航空公司赔偿机票费、酒店住宿费、误工费等损失。旅客购买机票后即与航空公司之间成立航空旅客运输合同关系，航空公司应当履行在约定期间或合理期间内将旅客安全运输到目的地的义务，因超售机票导致合同履行迟延，航空公司对此也应当承担相应的违约责任。
As passengers, if they encounter overbooking of tickets, they should make good use of their legitimate rights, first of all, they should understand and familiarize themselves with the transport safety management regulations of various countries, and secondly, they should apply for compensation through reasonable and reasonable methods. If they are not satisfied with the results of on-site treatment, passengers should keep relevant evidence and further negotiate with the airline's higher-level departments. If the coordination fails to reach an agreement, or the passengers are still not satisfied with the handling results of the airlines, they can also complain to the Consumer Affairs Center of the Civil Aviation Administration, or sue the airlines in court.The company compensates for losses such as air ticket fees, hotel accommodation fees and missed work fees. The air passenger transport contract relationship is established between the passenger and the airline after the ticket is purchased, and the airline should fulfill the obligation of transporting the passenger safely to the destination within the agreed period or a reasonable period, and the airline should also bear the corresponding liability for breach of contract due to the delay in the performance of the contract caused by overselling the ticket.
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图文编辑 | 赵紫彤
责任编辑 | 李昱霖
审核 | 吴云涛
部分图文来源于网络
