运输机场安全管理体系SMS

安全管理体系（SMS）是国际民航组织倡导的管理安全的系统化方法，它要求组织建立安全政策和安全目标，通过对组织内部组织结构、责任制度、程序等一系列要素进行系统管理，通过对组织内部组织结构、责任制度、程序等一系列要素进行系统管理，形成以风险管理为核心的体系，并对既定的安全政策和安全目标加以实现。按照国际民航组织的要求，结合中国民航航空安全工作实际，中国民航自2006年起在全行业大力推进安全管理体系，当前已经完成了对所有航空公司的SMS补充审计，机场、空管、维修、空防安全等系统地安全管理体系正在加快推进中。在此基础上，结合国际民航组织新推出的持续监测做法（CMA）及国家航空安全纲要（SSP）的要求，相继在民航企事业单位开展安全管理体系审核的试点工作，将更加注重安全管理体系审核的实际效能，注重安全管理体系建设和运行的有效性。

The Safety Management System (SMS) is a systematic approach to safety management advocated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which requires organizations to establish safety policies and safety objectives, and to form a system with risk management as the core through systematic management of a series of elements such as the organization's internal organizational structure, responsibility system, and procedures, and to achieve the established safety policies and safety objectives. In accordance with the requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the actual aviation safety work of China's civil aviation, the Civil Aviation of China has vigorously promoted the safety management system in the whole industry since 2006. On this basis, combined with the requirements of the ICAO's new Continuous Monitoring Practices (CMA) and the National Aviation Safety Program (SSP), the pilot work of safety management system audits has been carried out in civil aviation enterprises and institutions, and more attention will be paid to the actual effectiveness of safety management system audits and the effectiveness of the construction and operation of safety management systems.

建立和实施安全管理体系，可以实现从事后到事前、从开环到闭环、从个人到组织、从局部到系统的安全管理：

The establishment and implementation of a safety management system can realize the safety management from the post to the event, from the open loop to the closed loop, from the individual to the organization, and from the part to the system:

1）将在完善基于规章符合性的安全管理模式的基础上，形成基于安全绩效的安全管理模式；

1) On the basis of improving the safety management model based on compliance with regulations, a safety management model based on safety performance will be formed;

2）将形成一系列高效、易于操作的风险管理程序，实现主动的— 2 — 安全管理，提高控制安全风险的能力和效率；

2) A series of efficient and easy-to-operate risk management procedures will be formed to achieve proactive-2-security management and improve the ability and efficiency of controlling security risks;

3）将建立一套综合运用被动、主动和预测型安全数据的信息收集系统，形成基于数据驱动的安全管理模式；

3) Establish an information collection system that comprehensively uses passive, active and predictive security data to form a data-driven security management model;

4）制定内部定期监控、评估、审核制度，促进安全管理的闭环运行和持续改进，有利于更好地履行机场的主体安全责任，健全自我监督、自我审核、自我完善的长效机制。

4) Formulate an internal regular monitoring, evaluation and audit system to promote the closed-loop operation and continuous improvement of safety management, which is conducive to better fulfilling the main safety responsibilities of the airport and improving the long-term mechanism of self-supervision, self-audit and self-improvement.

安全：在航空范畴内，安全是“与航空器的运行有关或直接支持航空器运行的航空活动的风险被降低并控制在可接受水平的状态”。 

Safety: In the context of aviation, safety is "the state in which the risk of aviation activities related to or directly supporting the operation of an aircraft is reduced and controlled at an acceptable level". 

安全管理体系：管理安全的系统方法，包括必要的组织结构、问责制、责任、政策和程序。危险源：也叫危险，可能造成航空器事故或事故征候的情况或物体。

Safety Management System: A systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structure, accountability, accountability, policies, and procedures. Hazard: Also called hazard, a situation or object that may cause an aircraft accident or a sign of an accident.

安全风险：预测的危险的后果或结果的可能性和严重性。

Security risk: The likelihood and severity of the consequences or consequences of a predicted hazard.

安全绩效：由其安全绩效目标和安全绩效指标界定的国家或服务提供者的安全业绩。

Safety Performance: The safety performance of a country or service provider as defined by its safety performance objectives and safety performance indicators.

民用航空器事故征候：事故征候的定义、分类和标准，按《民用航空器事故征候》民用航空行业标准 MH2001－2018 执行。

Civil Aircraft Accident Signs: The definition, classification and standards of accident signs are implemented in accordance with the civil aviation industry standard MH2001-2018 of Civil Aircraft Accident Signs.

事件：航空器运行阶段或者在机场活动区内发生航空器损坏和人员受伤或者其他影响飞行安全的情况。主要包括：民用航空器事故（简称事故）、民用航空器事故征候（简称事故征候）以及民用航空器一般事件（简称一般事件）。

Incident: Aircraft damage and injury to personnel or other situations affecting flight safety during the operation of the aircraft or in the activity area of the airport. It mainly includes: civil aircraft accidents (abbreviated as accidents), civil aircraft accident signs (referred to as accident signs) and civil aircraft general events (referred to as general events).