“质量追赶”之匙：数字技术创新的出口产品质量跃迁效应与关键路径探析
文摘
财经
2024-09-30 14:39
上海
“质量追赶”之匙：数字技术创新的出口产品质量跃迁效应与关键路径探析
The Key to Quality Catch-up: The Leapfrogging Effect and Key Pathways of Export Product Quality through Digital Technology Innovation
《财经研究》2024年50卷第8期 页码：64-78 online：2024年8月3日
中：宋建1 , 胡学萌2
英：Song Jian1, Hu Xuemeng2
作者单位：1. 南京审计大学 联合研究院，江苏 南京 211815; 2. 南京审计大学 经济学院，江苏 南京 211815
摘要：在高水平对外开放，立足国内大循环、国内国际双循环的背景下，如何利用数字技术提高我国出口企业出口产品质量这一议题，对我国的高质量发展以及竞争新优势的构建尤为重要。文章基于中国工业企业和海关数据库，创新性地测算了2004—2014年五个高度细分维度的企业出口产品质量，以此为基础测度了出口产品质量追赶，同时通过筛选数字专利以识别企业数字技术，并基于产品质量追赶的理论模型分析了数字技术创新对企业出口产品质量追赶的微观效应。研究发现，企业数字技术创新能够显著缩短同类出口产品的质量距离，实现出口产品质量跃迁。经过替换指标、排除策略性行为、剔除异常状态以及内生性讨论后结果依旧稳健。同时文章还发现，企业数字技术创新能通过前沿技术追赶、技术溢出效应、自主创新突破和产品类别跨越四个渠道实现出口产品质量跃迁。在知识产权保护程度较高、出口目的地较发达的地区，以及资本和技术密集型、混合贸易、民营企业的出口产品质量追赶效应更明显。文章的研究为实现更高水平的对外开放和促进数字经济与实体经济深度融合发展战略提供了理论支撑和有益启示。
关键词：数字技术创新；出口产品质量；质量距离；跃迁效应
Summary: Digital technology, as a crucial driver for building a modernized economic system in China, not only fosters innovation-driven and high-quality development for enterprises, but also enhances the core competitiveness of China’s digital economy. In the current era of high-level opening up, domestic circulation, and dual circulation of domestic and international markets, leveraging digital technology to improve the export product quality of Chinese enterprises is critical for high-quality development and new competitive advantage construction. The study innovatively measures the export product quality of enterprises across five highly segmented dimensions from 2004 to 2014 using data from Chinese industrial enterprises and customs databases. Based on these measurements, it assesses the quality catch-up of export products. By identifying digital technology through digital patents, it analyzes the micro-effect of digital technology innovation on the quality catch-up of export products using a theoretical model. The findings indicate that digital technology innovation significantly shortens the quality gap between similar export products, leading to a leap in export product quality. Mechanism testing shows that digital technology innovation facilitates the quality catch-up of export products through frontier technology catch-up, technology spillovers, independent innovation breakthroughs, and product category leaps. This discovery highlights the utility of digital technology innovation in enhancing the export product quality of enterprises. Knowledge protection in R&D and improvements in digital efficiency contribute to the effectiveness of digital technology, while capital- and technology-intensive characteristics in production and general trade positively affect the role of digital technology. Additionally, developed destination markets show a more pronounced effect of digital technology on the quality improvement and catch-up of export products. This paper provides theoretical support for exploring the application and benefits of digital technology, demonstrating that digital technology innovation can promote the quality catch-up of Chinese export products. It also offers strategic insights for Chinese enterprises to enhance export product quality and upgrade their value chains. Furthermore, this paper provides theoretical support and valuable implications for achieving higher-level opening up and promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy.
Key words: digital technology innovation; export product quality; quality gap; leapfrogging effect
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20240614.303
收稿日期：2023-12-27
基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目（23BJL079）；全国统计科学研究重点项目（2023LZ027）；江苏省社会科学基金一般项目（23EYB007）；江苏高校“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师项目（苏教师函〔2023〕37号）
