精准扶贫、双重激励机制和乡村就业——基于县级数据和微观调查数据的实证研究
文摘
财经
2024-11-05 09:30
上海
精准扶贫、双重激励机制和乡村就业——基于县级数据和微观调查数据的实证研究
Targeted Poverty Reduction, Dual Incentive Mechanisms, and Rural Employment: An Empirical Study Based on County-level Data and Micro Survey Data
《财经研究》2024年50卷第9期 页码：48-62 online：2024年9月3日
中：周彬1 , 赵旭宇1 , 牛娜1 , 周彩2
英：Zhou Bin1, Zhao Xuyu1, Niu Na1, Zhou Cai2
作者单位：1. 东北财经大学 东北全面振兴研究院, 辽宁 大连 116025; 2. 山东财经大学 财政税务学院, 山东 济南 250014
摘要：精准扶贫是中国特色的促进全面脱贫的创新性政策，总结精准扶贫政策经验具有重要的理论和实践价值。文章构建了委托代理模型，加入中央政府对地方政府的激励，并在此基础上使用不完全信息博弈模型，阐述了地方政府与贫困户在开发式扶贫和精准扶贫两种模式下的最优行为，文章认为完备的激励机制是中国扶贫成功的关键。文章基于2000—2021年县级面板数据，使用双重差分模型研究发现，精准扶贫政策有效地增加了贫困地区的乡村就业人数。使用动态效应模型发现，2016年完善激励机制以后扶贫的效果更显著。异质性分析发现，扶贫难度较大或地方政府分权较多的地方，精准扶贫成果更显著，这证明了激励机制完善是中国扶贫成功的关键。在微观视角的分析中，文章基于2013—2019年中国家庭金融调查数据研究发现，精准扶贫政策下贫困户的劳动积极性显著提高，而且完善地方政府的激励能够有效地提高贫困户的劳动积极性，对能力较弱、难脱贫的贫困户来说这种影响同样存在，这说明精准扶贫不仅是公平的，而且是有效率的。此外文章从环境保护和产业发展两方面全面地评估了精准扶贫的政策效果，文章的研究结论有助于加深对中国式现代化和共同富裕的理解，也可以为完善全面乡村振兴的政策提供参考。
Summary: Targeted poverty reduction is an innovative policy with Chinese characteristics that promotes comprehensive poverty alleviation. To summarize the experience of targeted poverty reduction policies has important theoretical and practical value. This paper constructs a principal-agent model that incorporates incentives from the central government to local governments. Based on this, an incomplete information game model is used to characterize the optimal behavior of local governments and impoverished households under the two modes of “development-oriented poverty reduction” and “targeted poverty reduction”. It proposes that a comprehensive incentive mechanism is the key to the success of poverty reduction in China. Based on 2916 county-level panel data from 2000 to 2021, this paper uses a DID model and finds that targeted poverty reduction policies effectively increase rural employment in impoverished areas. Using a dynamic effects model, it is found that the effectiveness of poverty reduction becomes more prominent after the improvement of incentive mechanisms in 2016. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that in areas with greater difficulty in poverty reduction or more decentralization by local governments, the results of targeted poverty reduction are more significant, confirming that the improvement of incentive mechanisms is the key to China’s successful poverty reduction. In a micro perspective analysis, based on the data from the 2013-2019 China Household Finance Survey, the study finds that under targeted poverty reduction policies, the labor enthusiasm of poor households significantly increases. Improving local government incentives can effectively enhance the labor enthusiasm of poor households, and this impact also exists among those with weaker abilities and with difficulty to be lifted out of poverty. This indicates that targeted poverty reduction is not only fair, but also efficient. In addition, this paper comprehensively evaluates the policy effectiveness of targeted poverty reduction from two aspects: environmental protection and industrial development.
Key words: targeted poverty reduction; incentives; principal-agent; poverty; employment
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20240519.401
收稿日期：2023-11-03
基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目（19ZDA094）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（72073021）
