外卖配送新业态发展与工资性别差异变化
Development of Takeout Delivery and Changes of Gender Wage Differences
《财经研究》2024年50卷第10期 页码：49-63 online：2024年10月3日
作者
中：高子茗
英：Gao Ziming
作者单位：南开大学 经济学院, 天津 300071
摘要及关键词
摘要：随着以外卖、快递、代驾等为代表的新业态迅速发展，中国地方劳动力市场变化较大，男女劳动力均能够受益。文章以外卖为切入视角，结合配送站点设立信息和CHIP微观调查数据，在城市层次利用Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法测算性别工资溢价程度，排除男女禀赋差距的干扰并在个体层面考察工资水平差异化变动情况，比较男女工资水平的提升程度。文章研究结果表明：外卖配送新业态发展明显提升了男性工资溢价，男性工资水平相较于女性显著增加。地区数字经济基础对上述外卖配送新业态发展的影响具有交互作用；在新型就业形态和整个劳动力市场中，对男性劳动力来说，外卖配送新业态发展对其在工作参与、就业时间、体力劳动等方面的比较优势具有强化作用，这构成了男性工资溢价提升的主要原因。在互联网时代下，文章的研究结论对各地方劳动力市场达成性别“就业公平”的目标具有重要的政策参考意义。
关键词：外卖配送；男女平权；工资溢价；数字经济；比较优势
Summary: With the development of new business formats, the local labor market in China has taken on a new look, benefiting both men and women. Based on the progress of the establishment of takeout delivery sites, this paper examines the differentiated impact of takeout delivery based on physical labor on male and female wages. After collecting the establishment information of takeout delivery sites, this paper constructs a unified hierarchical regression equation of city and individual based on CHIP data. Specifically, at the city level, the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method is used to measure the gender wage premium index in the labor market and perform regression analysis. At the individual level, this paper compares the impact of the development of takeout delivery on the differentiated improvement of male and female wages and conducts mechanism testing. The results show that the development of takeout delivery significantly increases male wage premium, and male wages significantly increase compared with female. The regional digital economy base has an interactive additive effect on the development of takeout delivery; in the new employment formats and the entire labor market, the development of takeout delivery has a relatively strengthening effect on male comparative advantages in work participation, employment time, physical labor, etc., which constitutes the main reason for the increase of male wage premium. This paper has the following contributions: First, prior research on the development of new business formats mainly focuses on the gender differences within new employment formats, and has not yet been able to investigate the impact of their development in different regions on gender wage differences in the entire labor market from a more macro perspective, while this paper is a new step forward. Second, existing studies measuring the development of urban takeout delivery industry mainly use the entry time of takeout delivery platforms, merchant survey information, etc., and few quantify its development from the perspective of distribution and directly reflect its role in shaping the labor market. Through the collection of data from takeout delivery sites and the selection of new business formats and employment industries in CHIP, this paper has the realizability and wide application of quantitative analysis of the impact of takeout delivery on the labor market. Third, this paper constructs a dual analysis framework of city and individual with inherent unity, comparing male and female wage differences under the impact of the development of takeout delivery at the individual level and providing micro evidence for the results at the city level.
Key words: takeout delivery; equal rights for men and women; wage premium; the digital economy; comparative advantages
其他信息
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20240614.401
收稿日期：2023-12-05
基金项目：国家社会科学基金项目（18ZDA044）
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