中国区域人才政策与区域创新绩效——基于3171份政策文本的创新测度与实证检验
文摘
财经
2024-11-05 09:30
上海
中国区域人才政策与区域创新绩效——基于3171份政策文本的创新测度与实证检验
China’s Regional Talent Policies and Regional Innovation Performance: An Innovation Measurement and Empirical Test Based on 3171 Policy Texts
《财经研究》2024年50卷第9期 页码：4-18 online：2024年9月3日
中：李晓萍1 , 赵浩云1 , 江飞涛2 , 刘悦1
英：Li Xiaoping1, Zhao Haoyun1, Jiang Feitao2, Liu Yue1
作者单位：1. 中南大学 商学院，湖南 长沙 410083; 2. 中国社会科学院 工业经济研究所，北京 100006
摘要：中国各区域争相推出人才政策以切实助力区域创新发展，但相关措施是否真正达到了政策制定者的预期效果仍是一个亟待检验的命题。鉴于此，文章搜集整理了2012—2020年间全国地级市和直辖市各区层面的3171份人才政策文本，使用文本分析和手工处理结合的方式构建了独特的人才政策数据库，在此基础上检验了区域人才政策对区域创新绩效的作用效果。研究发现：（1）现有相关研究大多忽视人才政策内容效度，文章采用量化人才政策内容效度的方法所得到的估计结果更为准确。（2）区域人才政策总体上促进了以专利数量表征的区域创新绩效的提升，政策内容效度越高则实施效果越好，各下级部门配套实施细则能更好地发挥政策效果。吸引创新人才入驻、提升人力资本水平和缓解融资约束为其中的影响机制。（3）发展型政策工具的政策效果强于奖励型和保障型政策工具，保障型和发展型政策工具组合的效果最好。（4）在城市异质性层面，非沿海城市、强吸引力城市和营商环境好的城市中，人才政策对创新绩效的提升效果更加显著。（5）在政策工具与城市特征的组合层面，强吸引力城市更适合实施奖励型政策工具，弱吸引力城市适合实施发展型政策工具。上述结论在进行多种稳健性检验以及在使用Bartik工具变量减弱内生性问题的干扰后依然成立。文章将人才政策的内容评估和实施后的效果分析相结合，为城市实施人才引领发展、减小政策执行偏差、积极开发利用合适的人才政策工具提供了借鉴。
Summary: Talents are the key to independent innovation.The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China explicitly set the strategic goal for China to be at the forefront of innovative nations and become a leading talent power by 2035. Against this backdrop, cities across China have been introducing various talent policies to attract global talents. High-level scientific research talents have become a focal point for recruitment, and will provide innovative support for regional high-quality development. By collecting 3,171 talent policy texts at prefecture-level city and municipal district levels from 2012 to 2020, this paper quantifies the talent policies according to the detail and intensity of the measures using secondary indicators, and constructs a unique talent policy database through a combination of text analysis and manual processing. Furthermore, it conducts an empirical examination of the impact of regional talent policies on regional innovation performance using patent application data and statistical yearbook data from 2012 to 2020. The study finds that: (1) Quantifying the content validity of talent policies results in more accurate estimates compared to existing studies that overlook this aspect. (2) Regional talent policies generally promote the improvement of regional innovation performance, as measured by the number of patents. (3) Top-level talent policies issued solely by senior leadership bodies do not significantly enhance regional innovation performance, and effective implementation requires cooperation from subordinate departments. (4) Development-oriented policy tools are more effective than reward-based and guarantee-based tools, with the combination of guarantee-based and development-oriented tools being the most effective. (5) Talent policies have a more significant impact on enhancing innovation performance in non-coastal cities, highly attractive cities, and cities with favorable business environments. (6) Regarding the combination of policy tools and city characteristics, reward-based tools are more suitable for highly attractive cities, while development-oriented tools are more effective in less attractive cities. This paper combines talent policy content assessment and post-implementation effect analysis, providing insights for cities to implement talent-led development, and actively develop and utilize appropriate policy tools.
Key words: talent policy; policy quantification; innovation performance; policy tools
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20240716.301
收稿日期：2024-03-07
基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（72173138）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（72373160）
