城乡空间结构对乡村人口和建设用地增长的影响——基于人地空间错配视角的考察
文摘
财经
2024-12-06 14:00
上海
城乡空间结构对乡村人口和建设用地增长的影响——基于人地空间错配视角的考察
The Impact of Urban-Rural Spatial Structure on Rural Population and Construction Land Growth: From the Perspective of Spatial Mismatch of People and Land
《财经研究》2024年50卷第10期 页码：154-168 online：2024年10月3日
中：刘修岩1,2 , 张蕊1 , 倪克金1 , 王峤3
英：Liu Xiuyan1,2, Zhang Rui1, Ni Kejin1, Wang Qiao3
作者单位：1. 东南大学 经济管理学院，江苏 南京 211189; 2. 东南大学 国家发展与政策研究院，江苏 南京 211189; 3. 暨南大学 产业经济研究院，广东 广州 519070
摘要：党的二十大报告提出，要全面推进乡村发展，坚持城乡融合发展，畅通城乡要素流动。长期以来，经济学家普遍认为解决乡村发展问题的关键在城市，但是何种城乡空间结构有利于乡村发展？关于这一问题的讨论较少。因此，文章利用卫星数据识别出高精度的村级行政单位人口分布和土地利用类型分布，考察乡村到城市的距离对乡村人口增长与建设用地扩张的影响，并引入增量距离来讨论城乡空间结构对乡村发展的重要作用。研究发现：（1）平均而言，到最近城市的距离越近，乡村的人口和建设用地增长越大，但这一效应会随城市规模扩大而减弱。当城市规模超过一定阈值时，乡村离城市较近反而不利于其人口增长。（2）数量众多的小城市在乡村发展中有更为重要的作用，同时，等级有序的城乡空间结构更能够带动乡村发展。（3）从南北方比较来看，南方的城乡空间结构对乡村发展的促进效应显著优于北方，北方乡村“人走村扩”现象更多。文章认为，要重视小城市对于乡村发展的直接带动作用，通过建立层级有序的多中心城市网络来促进乡村发展，同时，需要关注大城市因“虹吸效应”导致的乡村人地空间错配问题。
关键词：乡村发展；城乡空间结构；空间错配；人口与土地
Summary: For a long time, economists have generally believed that “the key to solving rural issues lies in urban areas”. However, the discussion regarding which type of urban-rural spatial structure benefits rural development remains insufficiently explored. This paper leverages high-precision satellite data to identify the population distribution and land use types within village-level administrative units, exploring how the distance from villages to cities affects rural population growth and construction land expansion. Innovatively, it introduces the concept of incremental distance to assess which urban-rural spatial structure most effectively fosters rural development. The study finds that, on average, rural areas closer to cities experience more significant increases in population and construction land, although this effect decreases as city size increases, with very large cities potentially hindering rural population growth. Moreover, the study highlights the significant role of numerous small cities in rural development and suggests that a hierarchically organized urban-rural spatial structure more effectively stimulates rural areas. A regional comparison reveals that the urban-rural spatial structure in the south enhances rural development more effectively than in the north, where rural areas face more severe challenges of population outflow and land expansion. The contributions of this paper are that: It constructs a micro dataset at the rural level based on satellite data, providing a reference for other rural studies and mitigating the lack of rural micro data; it integrates population growth and construction land expansion into the analysis framework, exploring the impact of distance from urban centers on rural development from a spatial mismatch perspective; it introduces incremental distance analysis to examine the impact of urban-rural spatial structure on rural development, identifying a cleaner effect.
Key words: rural development; urban-rural spatial structure; spatial mismatch; people and land
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20240813.401
收稿日期：2023-10-26
基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD066)；东南大学国家发展与政策研究院青年学者资助计划；省部级重点实验室科学研究项目(3214002405B3)
