低保促进了农户减贫韧性吗？——兼论中国低保政策的完善
文摘
财经
2024-11-05 09:30
上海
低保促进了农户减贫韧性吗？——兼论中国低保政策的完善
Does Subsistence Allowance Promote Poverty Reduction Resilience of Rural Households? Also on the Improvement of China’s Subsistence Allowance Policy
《财经研究》2024年50卷第9期 页码：63-77 online：2024年9月3日
中：胡联1,2 , 盛迪1 , 朱婷1
英：Hu Lian1,2, Sheng Di1, Zhu Ting1
作者单位：1. 安徽财经大学 经济学院，安徽 蚌埠 233030; 2. 安徽财经大学 城乡发展研究中心，安徽 蚌埠 233030
摘要：党的二十届三中全会指出，要完善覆盖农村人口的常态化防止返贫致贫机制。农村低保是一项以贫困家庭为对象的重要社会保障政策，也是巩固与拓展脱贫攻坚成果的重要措施。文章基于中国社会状况综合调查（CSS）2021年数据，深入分析了最低生活保障制度对农户减贫韧性的影响。研究发现：第一，低保补助能显著提升农户减贫韧性，随着韧性标准的提高，低保补助对农户减贫韧性影响也会提高；第二，机制分析表明，低保补助通过增加家庭福利收入、提升人力资本投资影响农户减贫韧性；第三，文章构建了农户减贫韧性指标，进一步分析发现我国当前低保“瞄准效率”处在较低水平。文章认为，应完善对低保家庭的动态识别以及提高低保的“瞄准效率”。文章的研究结论对我国巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果和低保制度完善都有重要启示。
Summary: Rural subsistence allowance is an important social security policy that targets impoverished (low-income) families and serves as a crucial measure for consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation. As the core component of “social assistance”, subsistence allowance will continue to play a positive role in the new stage of development. Drawing on the data from the Chinese Social Survey in 2021, this paper defines and scientifically measures the connotation of household poverty reduction resilience from the perspectives of absolute poverty and relative poverty. Regression analysis reveals that subsistence allowance can significantly enhance the poverty reduction resilience of rural households, and this effect becomes greater with the increase of resilience standards. Mechanism testing indicates that subsistence allowance affects the poverty reduction resilience of rural households by augmenting household welfare income and enhancing human capital investment. In addition, based on the constructed poverty reduction resilience indicators for rural households, it reveals that China’s current target rate for subsistence allowance is at a relatively low level. The conclusions of this paper have important implications for consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and improving the subsistence allowance system in China. Starting from the perspective of poverty reduction resilience, it examines the impact and target rate of subsistence allowance on the poverty reduction resilience of rural households, emphasizing the need for dynamic identification of low-income families. In addition, it underscores the necessity not only to provide “blood transfusions” to rural households, but also to enhance their own “hematopoietic function”, thus preventing the social phenomenon of “nurturing laziness” through subsistence allowance.
Key words: subsistence allowance; poverty reduction resilience; “target rate” of subsistence allowance
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20240519.402
收稿日期：2023-11-17
基金项目：教育部人文社科规划项目（23YJA790030）；安徽省自然科学基金项目（2308085MG233）；安徽高校科学研究哲学社会科学重大项目（2022AH040083）；安徽财经大学研究生科研创新项目（ACYC2022558）
