“数实融合”下的平台经济与包容性就业——基于网络招聘大数据的经验研究
文摘
财经
2024-12-06 14:00
上海
“数实融合”下的平台经济与包容性就业——基于网络招聘大数据的经验研究
The Platform Economy and Inclusive Employment under “Digital-Real Economy Integration”: Evidence from Online Job Postings
《财经研究》2024年50卷第10期 页码：34-48 online：2024年10月3日
中：李建奇 , 黄维晨
英：Li Jianqi, Huang Weichen
作者单位：上海交通大学 安泰经济与管理学院, 上海 200030
摘要：近年来平台经济创造了大量就业岗位，对民生和经济发展有重要贡献，但较少有文献对其劳动就业效应进行科学评估。文章基于2014—2022年间的网络招聘大数据，研究发现在工作内容相近的情况下，相比于非平台经济，平台经济的招聘数量更多、承诺工资更高、学历和经验要求更低，体现出更好的就业包容性。同时，平台经济还通过市场溢出效应促使非平台经济提高就业包容性。异质性分析发现，平台经济就业包容性主要体现在外卖骑手、代驾、网约车司机等户外工作方面。机制分析发现，平台经济的就业包容性是因为其有网络外部性、规模经济与低技能偏向性的特点，并且平台经济会为社会保障的缺失和非舒适的工作环境提供补偿性工资。文章的结论表明平台经济对劳动就业有较大影响，应制定合理政策引导平台经济规范、可持续发展，更好发挥其“就业蓄水池”功能。
关键词：“数实融合”；平台经济；包容性就业；网络招聘大数据
Summary: In recent years, the platform economy has created a substantial amount of job opportunities, particularly in developing countries. However, there has been a scarcity of literature that explores the impact of the platform economy on local labor markets. Based on the economic nature of the platform economy, this paper adopts data from China’s online job recruitment websites to examine why the platform economy has been able to attract a significant number of workers. This paper begins by comparing the differences in job characteristics between the platform economy and the non-platform economy, and finds that in similar job contents, the platform economy offers higher recruitment numbers and wage commitments, and lower educational and experience requirements compared to the non-platform economy. It also studies the general equilibrium effect of the platform economy’s rise, and finds that its emergence prompts non-platform economic sectors to increase recruitment numbers and wage commitments, and lower employment barriers. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the employment inclusiveness of the platform economy primarily exists in four types of outdoor work, including delivery riders, ride-hailing drivers, carpool service providers, and crowd-sourced delivery personnel. Mechanism testing finds that the employment inclusiveness of the platform economy stems from its network externalities and economies of scale, while also discovering that the platform economy brings higher employment inclusiveness to less educated workers, indicating a bias towards low-skilled labor. The marginal contributions of this paper are that: First, it quantitatively analyzes the impact of the platform economy on labor employment based on large-scale online recruitment data. Second, it elucidates the underlying mechanism through which the platform economy affects labor employment, addressing the research gap between the existing theory and the reality in China, thus enriching the theoretical understanding of the platform economy. Third, it indicates that the platform economy offers advantages such as higher wages and lower barriers to entry, but also highlights shortcomings such as the lack of social security. Therefore, the government should initiate reforms in household registration, housing, and public employment services to improve the segmentation of urban labor markets, change public perceptions of platform workers, and maintain patience during the transition of the platform economy towards formal employment.
Key words: “digital-real economy integration”; platform economy; inclusive employment; online job postings
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20240615.402
收稿日期：2023-12-01
基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（72073094）；国家自然科学基金专项项目（72342035）
