贸易冲击、国内市场与社会治理——基于晚清外销茶叶改道的研究

文摘   财经   2024-09-30 14:39   上海  

贸易冲击、国内市场与社会治理——基于晚清外销茶叶改道的研究

Trade Shocks, Domestic Market, and Social Governance: A Study Based on the Rerouting of Tea Exportation in Late Qing China

《财经研究》2024年50卷第8期 页码:153-168 online:2024年8月3日

作者

中:燕红忠 , 朱玉珂

英:Yan Hongzhong, Zhu Yuke

作者单位:上海财经大学 经济学院,上海 200433

摘要及关键词

摘要:在当前复杂多变的国际形势下,国际贸易环境的高度不确定性成为我国面临的重要挑战。厘清贸易冲击对社会稳定产生的影响以及如何进行风险应对具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。文章通过整理历史资料,基于近代开放五口通商导致的“内河过岭”路线的弃用这一准自然实验,利用闽、赣、粤三省229个县长达154年的面板数据,考察了近代开埠这一贸易冲击对国内社会稳定的影响。研究表明:(1)相较于非沿线县,开放五口通商对“内河过岭”沿线县的社会稳定带来了显著负面影响,且主要表现为社会治安事件的显著增加。(2)“内河过岭”路线的弃用对非沿线县产生了溢出效应,官民冲突、财产类社会治安事件、暴力类社会治安事件的溢出效应分别为100千米、200千米和250千米。(3)机制分析发现,对社会稳定的负面影响主要来自商路易道带来的贸易机会减少和基层社会抵御风险能力欠缺;前者导致运输成本增加和市场可达性降低,并对沿线县的市场发展带来长期负面影响,后者则主要是因为民间组织稀缺而无法提供足够的公共品来进行风险应对。文章揭示了贸易冲击与社会稳定之间的因果关系,也为当前国际贸易环境变动下如何发挥基层力量实现社会治理提供了历史镜鉴。

关键词:国际贸易;社会稳定;公共品

Summary: With the deepening involvement in globalization, international trade has become a crucial driver of economic growth in China. Meanwhile, recent changes in the international political and economic environment, marked by the rise of trade protectionism and anti-globalization sentiments, have introduced trade policy uncertainties as a challenge facing the Chinese economy. Clarifying the impact of trade shocks on social stability and exploring risk mitigation strategies hold significant academic value and practical significance. This paper, by organizing historical data and utilizing a quasi-natural experiment based on the abandonment of the “Inland River Crossing Ridge” route due to the opening of the five treaty ports in modern times, examines the impact of treaty port opening as a trade shock on social stability using panel data spanning 154 years from 229 counties in the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guangdong. By approaching the issue from a historical perspective, it investigates the impact of international trade shocks on social stability, aiming to provide historical lessons for maintaining social stability amidst the current uncertain trade environment. The findings indicate that: (1) Compared to non-transit counties, the opening of the five treaty ports significantly negatively affected the social stability of transit counties along the “Inland River Crossing Ridge” route, primarily leading to a notable increase in social security incidents. (2) The abandonment of the “Inland River Crossing Ridge” route had a spillover effect on non-border counties, with a spillover effect of official-civilian conflicts, property-related social security incidents, and violent social security incidents observed at distances of 100 km, 200 km, and 250 km, respectively. (3) The negative impact on social stability mainly stems from a reduction in trade opportunities brought by commercial routes and a lack of grassroots societal risk resilience. The former results in increased transportation costs and reduced market accessibility, while the latter is due to the scarcity of grassroots organizations unable to provide sufficient public goods for risk mitigation. This paper contributes to existing literature in three aspects: First, by systematically organizing social conflict events recorded in “Qing Shilu” and “Zhupi Zouzhe”, it provides empirical evidence on the impact of treaty port opening on domestic social stability. Second, by using the transformation of domestic trade patterns resulting from international trade shocks as a point of entry, it enriches discussions on factors influencing social stability. Third, it quantitatively discusses the role of civil society organizations during the Qing period in grassroots social governance, demonstrating that public goods provided by clans and charitable halls enhance local society’s resilience to economic shocks.

Key words: international trade; social stability; public goods

其他信息

DOI:10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20240414.201

收稿日期:2023-11-06

基金项目:用友基金会第五届“商的长城”重点项目(2021Z10);上海财经大学创新团队项目(2020110932);上海财经大学研究生创新基金项目(CXJJ-2023-335)

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