2023级《经济学人》导读 阶段二 | Fear and Voting

     第一部分包括3个自然段。主要围绕特朗普的政治信条展开。

    第1段讲述了特朗普的每一次竞选活动都有一个信条，即如果他未当选总统，社会问题就得不到解决。

    第2段则引入了本文要讨论的问题——委内瑞拉非法移民。在对待非法移民的问题上面，特朗普仍然保持了反对态度，并且坚持着他的信条，认为只有以他为代表的共和党人才能通过抵抗“移民大篷车”和委内瑞拉帮派（TdA）来保护美国民众。

    第3段则更详细地提到了本文主要讨论的城市——奥罗拉，也是委内瑞拉向科罗拉多州移民和民众恐慌存在的主要城市之一。

   1. It has been nearly a decade since Donald Trump announced his first run for president in 2015. It is sometimes hard to recall the details of each of his own campaigns, and those he presided over. They all smush together—a constellation of red MAGA hats and promises to save America. 

距离2015年唐纳德·特朗普宣布首次竞选总统到今天将近10年了。有时候很难回忆起他自己每一次的竞选活动以及他主持的那些活动的细节。他们都挤在一起——一群红色的MAGA帽子和拯救美国的承诺。

run n. an act of trying to get elected to public office. 竞选。后面接介词for 意为“竞选某个职位”。

campaign n.a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim, especially in an election.竞选运动

preside vi. to lead or be in charge of a meeting,ceremony, etc. 主持（会议、仪式等）；preside为不及物动词, 后接介词over, 如文中本段落中 he presided over his own campaigns. 他主持他自己的竞选活动。

smush vt. to press, crush, or squeeze something so that it becomes flat, out of shape, or a soft mass. 挤扁，压碎，使成糊状。本段中smush together 意为挤在一起。

a constellation of 一群

constellation n. a group of related ideas, things or people. 一群（相关的人） 

拓展：

MAGA：Make America Great Again. 译为“让美国再次伟大"。这是美国总统特朗普在大选及执政期间一直使用的口号，也是其竞选口号的缩写。MAGA党是指支持这一口号的政治派别或团体。特朗普的粉丝们常戴着印有MAGA的帽子。因此，MAGA成为了特朗普的标签，也成为了一种有特朗普领导的政治运动。

     2. But look hard and a pattern emerges. The central tenet of Trumpism, the throughline between 2016 and 2024 and the foundation for his political cult, is that Democrats are to blame for “American carnage", and he alone can fix it.

但认真观察，就会发现一种模式。特朗普主义的核心信条，即2016年至2024年的主线，以及他的政治崇拜的基础，是民主党人应该为“美国大屠杀”负责，并且只有他能够解决（社会问题）。

look hard  认真看，仔细看

hard adv. very carefully and thoroughly. 非常认真地

tenet n. one of the principles or beliefs that a theory or larger set of beliefs is based on. 原则，信条

throughline n.a consistent or recurring theme, motif,or narrative element that runs throughout a story, play,film,etc. （戏剧、电影等叙事中的）主线

political cult 政治崇拜

cult n. a way of life, an attitude, an idea,etc. that has become very popular.狂热，崇拜

拓展：American carnage: carnage n. the violent killing of a largr numbei of people.屠杀；“美国大屠杀”，在2024年3月16日，锁定共和党总统候选人提名的前美国总统唐纳德·特朗普，在俄亥俄州的一次公开演讲中发表了一项引人关注且极具争议性的声明。他表示，如果他在即将于同年举行的总统大选中未能成功当选，这场失败将会对美国带来一场“大屠杀”。

     3. Consider three of the four election cycles since Mr.  Trump first took office: the 2018 midterms, the 2020 presidential campaign and the 2024 race for the White House. In October of each of these years. just weeks before the poll, Mr. Trump has portrayed himself, and his party, as the only defense against a dire threat from illegal immigrants or a diversifying society.

想一想自特朗普第一次就职以来的四个选举周期中的三次：2018年中期选举、2020年总统竞选和2024年白宫竞选。在这些年的每年10月，就在投票前几周，特朗普把自己和他的政党描绘成作为抵御来自非法移民或多元化社会威胁的唯一政党。take office 就职，上任，开始执政

poll n. the process of voting at an election. 选举投票

portray vt. to describe or show sb\sth in a particular way, especially when this does not give a complete or accurate impression of what they are like. 将...描绘成，给人以某种印象。用法为“portray sb as....”,意为“将某人描绘成”，句中则意为“特朗普将他自己和他的党派描述成作为抵御来自非法移民或多元化社会威胁的唯一政党。”

diversifying society.  多元化的社会

diversify vt. to change or to make sth change so that there is a greater variety. 使多样化，变化。diversifying 是其形容词，意为 多样化的，多元化的。

      4. In 2018 the Republican Party would protect Americans from a migrant caravan, thousands strong, heading towards the US-Mexico border. In 2020, on the heels of national protests against racism, Democrats were planning to “destroy our suburbs”, in part，by building low-income housing for minorities. This year the message is the same but the details are different. A Venezuelan gang, Tren de Aragua (TdA), has infiltrated Aurora, Colorado—and is coming to a city near you.

2018年，共和党将保护美国人免受一支数千人的移民大篷车的袭击，这支大篷车正驶向美墨边境。2020年，在全国反对种族主义的抗议活动之后，民主党人计划“摧毁我们的郊区”，部分方式是为少数族裔建造低收入住房。今年的信息是一样的，但细节是不同的。一个委内瑞拉帮派，Trend de Aragua(TdA)，已经渗透到科罗拉多州的奥罗拉市，并正向你附近的一个城市进军。

migrant caravan：“移民大篷车”， caravan  n. a covered vehicle that is pulled by a horse and used for living in. 大篷车。

on the heel of   紧跟着，紧接着

suburb   n.an area where people live that is outside the centre of a city. 郊区，城外

minority n. a small group within a community or country that is different beacause of race, religion,language, etc. 少数民族infiltrate vt. to enter or to make sb enter a place or an organization secretly, especially in order to get information that can be used against it. 悄悄进入，潜入

Venezuela n.委内瑞拉

Venezuelan adj. 委内瑞拉（人）的

拓展：

Tren de Aragua (TdA)：Tren de Aragua位于在委内瑞拉阿拉瓜州的Tocoron监狱。该组织的名称大致翻译为Aragua Train（阿拉瓜火车）。原本是委内瑞拉最强大的本土犯罪分子，也是唯一一个成功地将其势力投射到国外的委内瑞拉团伙。它已经从一个仅限于阿拉瓜州（Aragua）的监狱帮派发展成为一个拥有广泛犯罪组合的跨国威胁。TdA的成员以其高度组织化和暴力手段而闻名，他们通过贩卖人口、毒品交易和其他暴力犯罪活动迅速在美国各地扩展势力。据报道，TdA成员通过非法穿越南部边境并寻求庇护渗透到美国。TdA在美国，与数百起犯罪有关，其中包括6月份枪杀两名试图逮捕其一名成员的纽约警察局警察。根据《邮报》获得一份联邦备忘录显示，委内瑞拉暴力团伙Tren de Aragua的成员已获得“绿灯”，可以在丹佛开火袭击警察。

　　美国财政部外国资产控制办公室（OFAC）于7月11日宣布，已将Tren de Aragua 列入威胁西半球安全稳定的跨国犯罪组织名单。其中负责恐怖主义和金融情报的副部长布赖恩·纳尔逊（Brian Nelson）表示：“今天将Tren de Aragua列为重要的跨国犯罪组织，突显了它对美国社区构成的不断升级的威胁”。

  5. Mr. Trump mentioned Aurora during his debate with Kamala Harris， the Democratic nominee ，in the midst of a riff against immigrants. "You look at Springfield, Ohio. You look at Aurora in Colorado. They are taking over the towns. "He has since used alleged TdA activity in Aurora to campaign against the Biden administration's immigration policies. 

     在重复反对移民的中途,特朗普在与民主党候选人卡玛拉·哈里斯的辩论中提到了奥罗拉。“你看看俄亥俄州的斯普林菲尔德，你看科罗拉多的奥罗拉。他们（非法移民者）正在接管城镇。"此后，他利用所谓的TdA在奥罗拉的活动来反对拜登政府的移民政策。

nominee n.a person who has been formally suggested for a job, a prize,etc. 被提名者，被任命者

a riff against immigrants  重复反对移民、抨击移民

riff n. a short repeated pattern of notes in popular music or jazz. (流行音乐或爵士乐的）重复段。

allege vt. to state sth as a fact but without giving proof. (未提出证据）断言，指称。句中alleged意为“指称的，所谓的”，是一个形容词。

campaign vi. to take part in or lead a campaign, for example to achieve political change or in order to win in an election. (为实现政治变革或赢得竞选胜利）参加运动、领导运动。campaign against 意为“反对...运动”，句中是指“反对拜登政府的移民政策运动”。

拓展：    

Springfield, Ohio；Aurora in Colorado：

     2023年8月，TdA成员在奥罗拉一栋公寓楼中持枪暴力闯入，令全国震惊。

当地警方起初否认有帮派问题，但最终承认该帮派已控制了奥罗拉的多个公寓楼：Aspen Grove Apartments、Edge of Lowry 和 Whispering Pines。帮派成员持有致命武器，包括突击步枪和刀具。

     几个月来，特朗普一直在竞选中承诺进行大规模驱逐非法移民，并承诺调动军队和地方执法部门驱逐上千万非法移民。

     9月13日，共和党总统候选人、美国前总统特朗普在洛杉矶举行的新闻发布会上发表讲话，承诺将从俄亥俄州斯普林菲尔德市和科罗拉多州奥罗拉市开始大规模驱逐非法移民，这两个城市属于委内瑞拉移民的主要定居城市，因此也是当时反移民言论的中心。

      特朗普承诺，若他再次当选，他将围捕并大规模驱逐非法移民。

     而据了解，许多移居到斯普林菲尔德的人都是根据海地移民临时保护身份合法居住的。

反移民政策：

特朗普的反移民政策主要包括以下方面：

1. 大规模驱逐非法移民：

- 特朗普多次表示，如果重新当选，将展开美国历史上最大规模的移民驱逐行动。他曾警告说，如果再次当选，会让通过拜登政府两项重大移民计划进入美国的大量移民离开。这两项计划包括允许墨西哥与危地马拉边境的移民使用指定手机应用程序预订前往美国官方过境点寻求庇护，以及每月允许特定国家的部分人在满足条件下进入美国。

- 他还可能指派联邦探员和国民警卫队负责移民管控，甚至允许使用联邦军队逮捕移民。

2. 加强边境管控：

- 修建边境墙：在其第一任期内，特朗普大力推动美墨边境墙的修建，试图以此阻止非法移民从墨西哥进入美国。这一举措引发了很大争议，但他一直坚持认为边境墙对于保护美国的安全和利益至关重要。

- 增加边境巡逻人员：特朗普曾承诺，如果再次当选总统，将额外雇佣1万名边境巡逻人员，并要求美国国会为边境巡逻人员加薪10%，提供1万美元的留任和签约奖金，以加强边境的管控力度。

3. 试图废除“出生公民权”：特朗普计划宣布无身份父母在美国所生的孩子将不能获得美国公民身份，并停止向他们发放社会保障卡和护照等文件。这一举措如果实施，将对美国的移民制度产生重大影响。

4. 对移民来源国施压：特朗普曾威胁对墨西哥加征25%的关税，以迫使墨西哥采取有效措施制止非法移民越境。他认为美国南部边界的非法过境现象已达到危机程度，需要通过这种强硬措施来解决问题。

     6. “Kamala has imported an army of illegal-alien gang members and migrant criminals from the dungeons of the third world, "he told a crowd in Aurora on October 11th. “To everyone here in Colorado and all across our nation I makethispledge...November 5th 2024 will be liberation day in America. I will rescue Aurora and every town that has been invaded and conquered."

10月11日，特朗普在奥罗拉对一群人说：“卡马拉从第三世界的地牢里引进了一支由非法外来帮派成员和移民罪犯组成的军队。”“我向科罗拉多和全国各地的每一个人保证......2024年11月5日将是美国的解放日。我将拯救奥罗拉和每一个被侵略和征服的城镇。”

dungeon n. a dark underground room used as a prison, especially in a castle. 地牢

make this pledge 做出这个保证

pledge  n.  a serious promise.  保证；诺言

在这段话中，特朗普称，她“从第三世界的地牢里引进了一支由非法外来帮派成员和移民罪犯组成的军队”，意思是“哈里斯对移民持宽容态度，这无异于从委内瑞拉引进罪犯来危害美国社会，”特朗普把移民和哈里斯都说成是罪犯，这无疑是夸大了移民给奥罗拉和美国社会带来的影响。

1. The true story is foggier. Tren de Aragua is a real gang, originally formed in the Tocoron prison in the Venezuelan state of Aragua, according toInSight Crime, a think-tank. In recent years its influence has expanded throughout South America.

真实的故事更模糊。Trend de Aragua是一个真正的帮派，最初是在委内瑞拉阿拉瓜州的Tocoron监狱里成立的，据智囊团洞察犯罪(InSight Crime)称。近年来，它的影响已扩展到整个南美洲。

think-tankn.智囊团（又称头脑企业，是指专门从事开发性研究的咨询研究机构。）

InSight Crime：“洞察犯罪”，是一个智囊团和媒体组织，致力于通过提供定期报告，加深和传播有关美洲有组织犯罪和公民安全的辩论，分析数据、调查和政策建议，以应对它们所带来的多重挑战。

2.  As ordinary Venezuelans fled to America to escape theruin wroughtby Nicolás Maduro, their country'sdespoticleader, police have noted the gang's presence in several American cities.

当委内瑞拉的普通民众逃往美国，以躲避他们国家的专制领导人尼古拉斯·马杜罗造成的破坏时，警方已经注意到该团伙在美国的几个城市出现。

wrought 是及物动词work的过去分词，shaped or formed sth by hammering, kneading, or other means. 这里的work是“引起，造成”的意思。

despotic adj. someone uses their power over other people in a very unfair or cruel way. 残暴的，专制的

句子分析：

本句话是一个复合句，主干是"police have noted the gang's presence in several American cities." as引导的句子为时间状语从句，在这个从句中，“ordinary Venezuelans”是主语，“fled to ”作谓语，“America”为宾语，“to escape the ruin ”为目的状语，“wrought by ...despoyic leader”是过去分词短语作为后置定语来修饰ruin。

“真实的故事更模糊”，文章到这里即将发生很明显的转折。前面第一部分讲述了为维护美国移民的合法化和美国治安，特朗普宣称只有他当选总统，才能拯救美国每一个“被侵略的城镇”。然而事实到底是怎样的，所谓“被侵略”的城镇是真的被非法移民侵占了吗？关于这个问题，我们不能听信一面之词。从本段介绍委内瑞拉帮派开始，文章逐渐揭示事实。

   文章第三部分包括第5段和第6段，主要讲述了自2022年开始，就有大量的委内瑞拉人来到科罗拉多州的奥罗拉和丹佛定居。而特朗普称，来自委内瑞拉的TdA团伙会在城市的街上滥杀无辜。

     第5段讲述了自2022年开始，大量的委内瑞拉人移民到与奥罗拉毗邻的丹佛。

     第6段讲述了特朗普与奥罗拉官员对事实的不同阐述。特朗普认为从委内瑞拉移民的TdA团员会在两座城市的大街上滥杀无辜，而奥罗拉官员则称该帮派的活动只局限于几栋破败不堪的建筑中。

1. Since December 2022 some 43, 000 migrants have shown up in Denver, Colorado’s capital, which borders Aurora. Denver saw a larger influx of migrants, per capita, than both Chicago and New York City. They were "almost universally Venezuelans, and so many of them with the same story", says Mike Johnston, the mayor of Denver. He recalls watching from the window of his office as buses of migrants arrived from Texas.

自2022年12月以来，大约43000名移民来到了科罗拉多州首府，与奥罗拉接壤的丹佛。丹佛的人均移民潮比芝加哥和纽约都要多。丹佛市市长迈克·约翰斯顿说，他们“几乎都是委内瑞拉人，很多人都有同样的经历”，他回忆起从他办公室的窗户看着从德克萨斯州来的移民巴士。

border vt. to share a border with another country or area. 和...毗邻，与...接壤

influx n. the fact of a lot of people, money or things arriving somewhere. (人、资金或事物的）涌入，流入 ；后面常接介词of, 构成词组 an influx of...大量涌入的。

capita n.  head 头，首; 是原型caput 的复数形式，当翻译成“头、首”的时候在现代英语中较少见，主要出现在一些医学、解剖学等比较古老的文本或者特定术语里面。主要用其复数形式，并与per 连用，构成 per capita ,意为“人均”。

拓展：

人均移民(Per capita immigration)：

“人均移民”不是一个常见的固定术语。从字面意思理解，它可能是指在某一特定区域（国家、城市等）内，平均每个人对应的移民数量。计算方法可能是用移民的总人数除以该区域的总人数。例如，一个国家有100万移民，其总人口是1000万，那么人均移民数可能是0.1。这个概念可以用于分析移民对一个地区人口结构影响的程度等诸多方面。

2. Many Venezuelans who made it to Denver will have settled in neighbouring Aturora, a city of nearly 400,ooo which is roughly 30% Hispanic. Mr. Trump claims the gang will kill people willy-nilly while they walk down the street. 

许多来到丹佛的委内瑞拉人将会在邻近的奥罗拉定居，奥罗拉是一个有近40万人口的城市，大约30%是西班牙人。特朗普称，不管愿不愿意，该团伙都会在人们走在街上时滥杀无辜。

neighboring   adj. situated near or next to.  邻近的，附近的，接壤的。句中则意为“邻近的奥罗拉”。

Hispanic  adj. of or connected with Spain or Spanish-speaking countries, especially those of Latin America. 西班牙的，西班牙人

willy-nilly  adv. whether you want to or not. 不管愿意不愿意；无论想不想要。

3. Aurora officials insist that its activity is limited to a few run-down apartment buildings reviled among tenants for poor living conditions. Gigi Hagopian, a tenant and housing organiser, says the fly traps are always buzzing and the roaches threaten to crawl into sleeping residents’ ears.

奥罗拉的官员坚称，它（该团伙）的活动仅限于几栋破旧的公寓楼，这些公寓楼因居住条件恶劣而遭到租户的谩骂。吉吉·黑格皮安是一名租户和住房组织者，她说捕蝇器总是嗡嗡作响，蟑螂有可能爬进熟睡的居民的耳朵里。

run-down adj. in very bad condition that has not been taken care of. 破败的

revile vt. to criticized sb\sth in a way that shows hoe much you dislike them.  辱骂，斥责; 在本段中，"reviled...conditions"是作为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰buildings, 意为“因居住条件恶劣而遭到租户的谩骂的公寓楼。”

tenant n. a person who pays rent for the use of a room, building, land, etc. to the person who owns it. 房客，租户

housing n. houses, flats\apartments, etc. that people live in, especially when referring to their type, price or condition.（统称）住房，住宅

fly traps 捕蝇器  fly n.苍蝇， trap n. a piece of equipment for catching animals. (捕捉动物的）陷阱、罗网、夹。

buzz vi. to make a continuous low sound.发出嗡嗡声

roach n.(=cockroach) 蟑螂

     文章第四部分包括了第7、8、9三段，主要讲述了科罗拉多州移民和犯罪率的事实真相，并揭露特朗普在总统选举中的真正目的是赢得竞选。

     第7段主要讲述了根据警方提供的信息，这几栋破败不堪的建筑犯罪率上涨与移民和TdA并没有太大关系。而奥罗拉共和党市长对特朗普的夸张言论也持不认可态度。

     而第8段通过讲述德州的合法移民和本土公民的犯罪率高于非法移民，且奥罗拉在过去一年（2023年）的犯罪率下降，进一步阐述了美国犯罪率和移民没有直接或间接关系，以此来否定特朗普的夸大言论。

     第9段作为文章的结尾段落，对上文进行了总结，并且直接揭示了特朗普夸大事实的真正目的是通过制造科罗拉多州的民众恐慌来赢得总统选举。

1. Ten members of the gang have been arrested thus far. Yet in a letter to the land- lord last year, police said crime at one building increased by 30% between 2019 and 2023, before allegations were made of TdA’s presence. The building has since been condemned. 

目前已抓获团伙成员10人。然而，在去年写给房东的一封信中，警方表示，在TdA被指控存在之前，2019年至2023年期间，在一栋建筑的犯罪率就上升了30%。自那以后，这座建筑就遭到了谴责。

thus far  迄今为止，到目前为止

allegation  n. a pubilic statement that is made without giving proof, accusing sb of doing sth that is wrong or illegal.（无证据）的说法，指控

句子分析：Yet in a letter to the land- lord last year, police said crime at one building increased by 30% between 2019 and 2023, before allegations were made of TdA’s presence. 

在这个复合句中，句子主干为“police said ”，后面接一个宾语从句“crime at one building increased by 30% between 2019 and 2023”，在这个从句中，主语为“crime”,谓语是“increased by 30%”为谓语动词短语，表示增加了30%，“between 2019 and 2023”为时间状语，“before allegations were made of TdA’s presence. ”为另一个时间状语从句；of TdA's presence 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 allegations.Yet in a letter to the land- lord last year 也作为状语，表示“在去年给房东的一封信中”。

2. “It was really dramatic to say that the entire city is being overrun by Venezuelan gangs and they're occupying the city'”, says Mike Coffman, Aurora's Republican mayor. "It's not accurate. "He worries that Mr. Trump's exaggerated rhetoric will hurt the city's economy by keeping firms from holding conventions in Aurora, or people from moving there.

奥罗拉市共和党市长迈克·科夫曼说：“整个城市都被委内瑞拉黑帮侵占了，他们占领了这座城市，这真的很夸张。” "这不准确”。他担心特朗普的夸张言论会阻碍企业在奥罗拉举行会议，或阻止人们搬到那里，从而损害该市的经济。

dramatic adj.  exaggerated in order to create a specail effect and attract people's attention.  夸张做作的；戏剧性的

overrun vt. （especially of sth bad or not wanted) to fill or spread over an area quickly, especially in large numbers.泛滥；横行；肆虐。在句中，则意为“整个城市委内瑞拉黑帮肆虐横行”。

exaggerated rhetoric 夸张的言语

rhetoric n. speech or writing that is intended to influence people, but that is not completely honest or sincere. 虚华词藻，华而不实的言语 

convention n. a large meeting of the members of a profession, a political party, etc. （某职业、政党等成员）的大会

3. A recent study from the Justice Department's researcharm looked at arrests in Texas between 2012 and 2018, and found that illegal immigrants committed crimes at a lower rate than legal immigrants and American-born citizens. Crime in Aurora has fallen over the past year. This has not deterred Mr. Trump from showing videos of alleged gang members in Aurora at rallies around the country.

 司法部研究部门最近的一项研究调查了2012年至2018年间德克萨斯州的逮捕情况，发现非法移民的犯罪率低于合法移民和美国出生的公民。过去一年奥罗拉的犯罪率有所下降。但这并没有阻止特朗普在全国各地的集会上展示奥罗拉犯罪团伙成员的视频。

Justice Department's research arm 司法部的研究部门

arm n. a section of a large organization that deals with one particular activity.分部，职能部门（常用单数形式）

committed crimes 犯罪

commit vt. to do sth wrong or illegal. 做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）

deterred Mr. Trump from showing videos of alleged gang members. 阻止特朗普展示犯罪团伙成员的视频。本部分包含语法“deter sb from doing sth”阻止某人做某事，使某人不敢做某事。

deter vt. to make sb decide not to do sth or continue doing sth, especially by making them understand the difficulties and unpleasant results of their actions. 制止；威慑；使不敢；

rally n. a large public meeting, especially one held to support a particular idea or political party. 公众集会，群众大会（尤指支持某信念或政党的）

4. Each of these three examples —a immigrant caravan, changing suburbs, a Venezuelan gang—begins with a kernel of truth, but in Mr. Trump's retelling becomes an existential threat: TdA is not just a gang police has to watch out for, like so many others, it is a threat from which Colorado must be liberated.

这三个例子--移民大篷车、改变郊区、委内瑞拉黑帮--每一个都有一个事实的核心，但在特朗普的复述中，都变成了一个生存威胁：TDA不只是一个警察必须警惕的帮派，像许多其他的威胁一样，它也是一个科罗拉多州必须从中解放出来的威胁。

 a kernel of truth  事实的核心

kernel n.the central, most important part of an idea or subject.

（思想或主题的）核心，中心，要点

an existential threat  一个生存威胁

existential adj. connected with human existence. 关于人类存在的；与人类存在有关的

5. “I will give you back your freedom and your life, " he says. But listen closely, and he gives the game away. TdA are "stone-cold killers”, he told the crowd in Aurora, but “they are really great if you happen to be running against the politician that allowed this to happen."

他说：“我会把你的自由和生命还给你。”但是仔细听，他会把游戏泄露出去。TDA是“冷酷无情的杀手”，他在奥罗拉对人群说，但“如果你碰巧与允许这种情况发生的政客竞争，他们真的很棒。”

run against  与...竞争

run vi.to be candidate in an election for a political position, especially in the US. （尤指在美国）参加竞选；

句式分析：划线句子是一个复合句，“if...”后面连接的是一个条件状语从句，在其中有一个定语从句“that allowed this to happen”,修饰the politician，其中，“this”指的是“running against”与政客竞争这件事。

文章到了最后一句话，很明显揭示了特朗普的目的：民主党在政策上对非法移民很宽容，而以特朗普为代表的共和党却严厉打击非法移民。特朗普认为这是他能够与共和党竞争的筹码，当有了这个筹码，他就可以通过夸大从委内瑞拉非法移民到美国给科罗拉多州民众带来的危害，甚至扭曲了科罗拉多州的犯罪率上升与非法移民以及TdA并没有很大关系的事实真相，从而拉动科罗拉多州的选票。TdA这个“冷酷无情的杀手”帮派从另一方面对他来说也就成了他竞选总统的帮手，所以他才会说“他们真的很棒”，当他说出这句话时，他也就泄露了这个“游戏”（即他的真正目的）。再回到题目“Fear and Voting”,我们不难发现，fear是特朗普的夸大言辞和扭曲事实给民众带来的恐慌，而voting则是特朗普的真正目的——为了拉选票，赢得总统竞选。

     The essay focuses on illegal immigrants from Venezuela in Colorado. The Democratic Party shows a tolerant attitude toward the issue. Conversely, The Republic Party rejects illegal immigrants considering the safety of the country. To win the 2024 presidential campaign, Donald Trump was intended to get the vote of Colorado in the way of exaggerating the effects of Venezuelan immigrants and even twisting the facts which would exert a bad influence on the economy of Colorado. As a matter of fact, the distinctions of immigrant policies reflect the different ruling cults in both parties and the world's flow of immigration depends on social and economic factors.

   First of all, the fierce campaign between Harris and Trump reflects the distinct political concepts between the two parties.  The Democratic Party tends towards liberalism, laying stress on humanism and social equality. However, The Republican Party is more conservative and attaches great importance to  the national  safety issue. Consequently, when it comes to the immigrant policy, The Democratic Party shows a more tolerant attitude towards it, thinking that the immigration is beneficial to the economic development. Oppositely, considering the border invasion and law enforcement security, The Republican Party fiercely cracks down on the illegal immigrants and poses strict limits on immigrant policy.

      Furthermore, a country's illegal immigrants  tend to be driven to move into another country by economic and social factors. For example, there is a big economic gap between Mexico and America, and America borders Mexico. So many Mexican illegal immigrants, in search of job opportunities and a better life, choose to cross the U.S.-Mexico border and some dangerous areas to enter America. Moreover, specific social situations also prompt people to move to another country. For instance,after the Taliban regained power in 2021, although the social situation was relatively stable, the previous long-term political uncertainty already made many people lack confidence and thus led them to choose to immigrate to European countries illegally. 

     To conclude, different immigrant policies mirror different parties' governing concepts. Not only is the United States facing the issue of illegal immigrants, but also other countries are facing it. To address this universal issue, countries are supposed to strengthen the border control and international cooperation. What's more, in order to address the rooting cause, it is more crucial to provide economic assistance and support to the countries that send out illegal immigrants.

（1）单词释义源⾃《⽜津⾼阶英汉双解词典（第9版）》

（2）图片源自百度搜索：

https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0715%2F405340d2j00sgnx12001pd200u000k0g00i900c5.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg

https://mr.baidu.com/r/1sJXTo1LETS?f=cp&rs=2804802261&ruk=TZtLQ8fVB34JoeeSaH5Kcg&u=7566a74f2bb2c882

https://mr.baidu.com/r/1sJYbGGHKHm?f=cp&rs=2876981675&ruk=TZtLQ8fVB34JoeeSaH5Kcg&u=4d0fce3029c0ebc1

https://mr.baidu.com/r/1sXCMuPLY0o?f=cp&rs=3498934729&ruk=TZtLQ8fVB34JoeeSaH5Kcg&u=c8c77ce65d679bdc

（3）拓展资料来源：https://mr.baidu.com/r/1szShuQ6Xza?f=cp&rs=2718329906&ruk=TZtLQ8fVB34JoeeSaH5Kcg&u=7ba79cb2385ab4ac

https://mr.baidu.com/r/1sAjjD9BHmU?f=cp&rs=3368545795&ruk=TZtLQ8fVB34JoeeSaH5Kcg&u=3b6c11c28f37bf71

https://mr.baidu.com/r/1sDia4FYG2I?f=cp&rs=968429489&ruk=TZtLQ8fVB34JoeeSaH5Kcg&u=91e2cc04c66584f9

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/722272143?utm_id=0

（4）本期外刊选自The Economist 2024年10月26日外刊

注：本篇外刊仅用来学习使用，无任何商业用途！