2023级《经济学人》日常阅读 阶段二 | Blues by the barrel

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目前，全球的电力供应正面临需求增长、可再生能源转型、碳排放控制和数字化转型等多方面的调整和机遇。本篇《经济学人》文章将以古巴的电力问题为例子，具体分析电力问题可能带来的巨大灾难，产生停电问题的原因和促进电力供应的方法。同时也能引发我们对于全球电力供应这一问题的反思。

阅读本期文章前，请思考：

1.What disasters did the power blackouts bring to Cuba?停电给古巴带来了哪些灾难？

2.What are the main factors causing the power outages in Cuba?导致古巴停电的主要因素是什么？

3.What measures Cuba has taken to solve the problem of electricity supply？古巴为解决电力供应问题做出了哪些措施？

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第一部分主要讲述了古巴因为大规模停电而产生的一系列巨大灾难。首先，第一段以古巴总统Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez不一样的装扮开头，为我们呈现问题的严重性；其次，第二、三段讲述了停电期间的灾难接踵而至，诸如最大的发电厂发生故障，一级飓风的登陆等问题；最后，第四段则是具体描述了停电情况下居民的艰苦生活。

①Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez ,Cuba’s president, usually wears boxy suits with a revolutionary-red tie. But on October 20th, after days of power blackouts across the country, he went on television sporting military fatigues reminiscent of Fidel Castro, the island’s longtime dictator. The get-up conveyed two messages: first, that martial-like efforts had been made to restorepower, and second, a warning to protesters. Cubans should act with “discipline" and “civility", said Mr Diaz-Canel. Anyone disturbing public order, he warned, would be “severely" punished.

古巴总统米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔·贝穆德斯，通常穿着方正的西装，打着革命红色的领带。但在10月20日，在全国停电数天后，他穿着军装出现在电视上，让人想起古巴长期独裁者菲德尔·卡斯特罗。这次行动传达了两个信息：首先，政府采取了类似军事行动的措施来恢复电力；其次，这是对抗议者的警告。迪亚斯-卡内尔表示，古巴人应该以“纪律”和“文明”行事。他警告说，任何扰乱公共秩序的人都将受到“严厉”惩罚。

划线句子是一个时间状语从句，其中"sporting military fatigues"为现在分词短语作伴随状语，来描述主语"he"即总统的状态，后面的"reminiscent of Fidel Castro"为形容词短语作宾语补足语，进一步描述军装的特点。

"boxy suits"意为“方正的西装”，其中"boxy"在此处作形容词，意为"having a square shape"，即“箱状的；四四方方的”。

"power blackouts"理解为“停电”，其中"blackout"作名词，意为"a period when there is no light as a result of an electrical power failure."即“停电，断电”的意思。

"sporting military fatigues"意为“身着军装”，此处的"sport"为熟词生意，作为及物动词，意为“得意的穿戴，故意显示”，即"to have or wear sth in a proud way."单词"fatigue"在此处作名词，通常以复数形式出现，意为“（士兵穿的）工作服”，即"loose clothes worn by soldiers."

"reminiscent"在此处作形容词使用，意为“使人联想的；怀旧的”，即"reminding you of sb/sth."常见的搭配为：be reminiscent of sb/sth.

"restore power"意为“恢复电力”，其中"restore"作为及物动词，意为“恢复（某种情况或感受）”，即"to bring back a situation or feeling that existed before."

Fidel Castro，即菲德尔·卡斯特罗，是古巴共和国、古巴共产党和古巴革命武装力量的主要缔造者，被誉为“古巴国父”。一些人批判他为长期的独裁者，原因是因为他从1959年古巴革命胜利之后开始执政，直到2008年才将转移给他的弟弟劳尔·卡斯特罗；且在卡斯特罗的统治之下，古巴的言论自由、新闻自由和集会自由都受到了限制。

②Nearly10m Cubans had been managing without power since the island's electricity grid collapsed. Authorities were quick to place the blame on technical snafus. Small outages began a day earlier, they said, due to an unexpected surge in electricity demand from air conditioners fitted in homes and small businesses. An engineering failure at the island's largest source of electricity, the oil-burning Antonio Guiteras power plant, prompted a “total disconnection”of the national grid, said Cuba's energy ministry in a post on X.

自从古巴的电网崩溃以来，近1000万古巴人在没有电的情况下生活。当局很快将事故归咎于技术故障。他们说，由于家庭和小型企业安装的空调的电力需求意外激增，一天前就开始出现小规模停电。古巴能源部在X上的一篇文章中说，该岛最大的电力来源、燃油发电厂安东尼奥·吉特拉斯（Antonio Guiteras）的工程故障，导致国家电网“完全中断”。

划线句子中由"due to"引导出原因状语，同时在句子"from air conditioners fitted in homes and small businesses."中，"fitted"为过去分词作定语，用来修饰"air conditioners",描述空调的一个状态。

"manage"在此处作不及物动词，意为“生活，生存”，即"to succeed in dealing with problems,living in a difficult situation etc."

"electricity grid collapsed"在理解为“电网崩溃”，其中"grid"意为“输电网；系统网络”，即"a system of electric wires or pipes carrying gas ,for sending power over a large area."惯用搭配为"electricity grid",理解为“电力网”。单词"collapse"此处作不及物动词，意为“崩溃；瓦解”，即"to fail suddenly or completely."

"place the blame on technical snafus"意为“将责任归咎于技术故障”。其中短语："place the blame on sth."是指“将责任归咎于……”；单词"snafus"在此处作名词，意为“（一切均未按计划发生的）混乱局面”，即"a situation in which nothing happens as planned."

"the oil-burning power plant"翻译为“燃油发电厂”，其中单词“plant”在此处是熟词生意，作名词意为“工厂，发电厂”，即"a factory or place where power is produced or an industrial process takes place."

"prompt"在此处作为及物动词，意为“导致，促使；激起”，即"to make sb decide to do sth;to cause sth to happen."

"in a post on X"中的"X是指某个社交媒体平台、新闻网站或者其他在线发布信息的平台，这里用"X"来代指某个平台。

③To make matters worse, attempts to bring in more fuel for the island's oil-powered plants failed after a category-one hurricane made landfall on the night of October 20th; the storm has killed six people so far. By the next afternoon, around 90% of the electricity supply had been restored in Havana, according to state-run media. But many places outside the capital remain without power.

更糟糕的是，10月20日晚，一场一级飓风登陆后，试图为岛上的石油发电厂带来更多燃料的努力失败了；到目前为止，这场风暴已经造成6人死亡。据官方媒体报道，到第二天下午，哈瓦那大约90%的电力供应已经恢复。但是首都以外的许多地方仍然没有电力供应。

划线句子中包含一个时间状语从句和定语从句。"to bring in more fuel for the island's oil-powered plants"是一个不定式短语作为后置定语，修饰前面的"attempts";时间状语从句"after a category-one hurricane made landfall on the night of October 20th"说明了失败的时间背景是在10月20日夜晚，一场一级台风登录之后。

"a category-one hurricane made landfall on"意为“一级飓风”，其中"category"作名词，意为“种类，类别”，即"a group of people or things with particular features in common."其中短语"make landfall on"意为“着陆；登陆”，通常用来描述风暴、飓风、台风等天气现象首次到达陆地的某个情况。

"state-run media"理解为“官方媒体”。他们通常是由国家运营或控制的媒体机构，这些媒体受到政府的直接管理和资助，其内容和报道通常与政府的政策和立场保持一致。

④The blackout adds to the drudgery of life in Cuba's socialist dictatorship. Food, scarceanyhow, has rotted in fridges. Neighbourhoods have resorted to cooking what they can salvage on improvised stoves in the street.Internet traffic dropped sharply as many were unable to charge their phones. Those whose water supply relies on electric pumps had to go without. The economic backdrop is also bleak: inflation is running at 30% a year. Of late, Cubans compare their plight to the 1990s, when the collapse of the Soviet Union prompted economic hardship and regular power cuts.

停电加剧了古巴社会主义独裁政权下人们生活的艰辛。 食物本来就稀缺，现在又在冰箱里腐烂了。 邻里们不得不在街上用临时搭建的炉灶烹饪能捡拾到的东西。 由于无法给手机充电，互联网流量也大幅下降。 依赖电力水泵供水的人们不得不忍渴挨饿。 经济背景同样暗淡：通货膨胀率高达每年30%。 最近，古巴人将自己的处境与1990年代当时苏联解体引发了经济困难和频繁的停电进行对比。

第一个划线句子的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+两个状语”，其中"what they can salvage"是一个由"what"引导的宾语从句，最后的"on improvised stoves "和"in the street"分别做了句子的方式状语和地点状语。

"the drudgery of life"意为“艰辛的生活”，其中"drudgery"作名词，意为“单调乏味的苦差事，繁重无聊的工作”，即"hard boring work."

"sacrce"作形容词，意为“缺乏的，不足的”，即"if sth is sacrce, there is not enough of it and it is only available in small quantities."

"socialist dictatorship"理解为“社会主义独裁”，其中单词"dictatorship"作名词，意为“独裁，专政”，即"government by a dictator."

"salvage on improvised stoves"理解为“在简易炉灶上打捞的东西”，单词"salvage"作为不及物动词，意为“打捞，挽救”，即"to save sth from an accident or bad situation in which other things have already been damaged,destroyed,or lost."其中"improvise"作及物动词，意为“临时拼凑；临时做”，即"to make or do sth using whatever is availavle,usually because you do not have what you really need."

"internet traffic"意为“互联网流量”，其中"traffic"在此处是熟词生意，作为名词，意为“信息流量；通信量”。即"the movement of messages and signals through an electronic communication system."

"electric pump"意为“电动泵”，是一种用电力驱动的泵，通常是用于充气、排水或输送液体等工作，文章此处指的是输送水源的电动泵装置。

"The economic backdrop is bleak"理解为“经济背景惨淡”。短语"economic backdrop"意为“经济背景”，单词"bleak"作形容词，意为“不乐观的；无望的；暗淡的”，即"not encouraging or giving ant reason th have hope."

"plight"在此处作名词，意为“苦难；困境”，即"a difficult and sad situation."

"power cut"理解为“停电；电力供应的中断”。

1990年苏联解体对古巴的影响：

1. 经济依赖性：古巴经济在很大程度上依赖于苏联的支持。苏联解体后，古巴失去了一个关键的贸易伙伴和经济支持者。苏联曾提供了古巴大约70%的进口，并购买了古巴70%的出口。苏联解体导致古巴出口下降了80%，进口下降了75%。

2. 能源危机：苏联解体后，古巴的能源供应受到严重影响。苏联曾根据协议每年向古巴供应1300万吨石油，解体后，供油量断崖式下降，1992年俄罗斯仅提供了400万吨。这导致了古巴能源严重短缺，生产和生活受到很大影响。

3. 停电问题：由于能源短缺，古巴发生了全国性大停电。从1992年起，古巴推出了每天连续停电18小时的政策，内地城市甚至长达20小时。这严重影响了古巴人民的日常生活和社会经济活动。

第二部分聚焦的内容是古巴产生停电的主语原因：第五段讲述了古巴陈旧的电力系统和美国对古巴零件进口的制裁；第六段则是讲述了古巴燃料情况的供不应求。

⑤The country's superannuated power system is one part of the problem. The island relies on a handful of Soviet-era, oil-fired plants, most of which are half a century old and break down frequently. None has received proper maintenance for almost two decades. The Cuban government blames American sanctions for choking off the import of spare parts. The government has leased eight “powerships” from Turkey to use as offshore generating plants, a costly and dirty workaround.

该国陈旧的电力系统是问题的一部分。该岛依赖于少数苏联时代的燃油发电厂，其中大多数都有半个世纪的历史，经常发生故障。近二十年来，没有一个得到适当的维护。古巴政府指责美国的制裁切断了零部件的进口。政府从土耳其租用了8艘“动力船”作为海上发电厂，这是一种昂贵而肮脏的变通方法。

"superannuated power system"意为“陈旧的电力系统”，其中"superannuated"意为“陈旧不中用的；过时的”，即"too old for work or to be uesd for thier original purpose."

"a handful of"意为“一把；一小撮；少量的”。

"old-fired plants"意为“老式燃煤电厂；旧式火力发电厂”。

"maintenance"在此处作名词，意为“维护，保养”，即"the act of keeping sth in good condition by checking or repairing it rugularly."

"sanction"在此处作名词，意为“制裁”，即"an official order that limits trade,contact,etc. with a particular country,in order to make it do sth,such as b=obeying international law."

短语"choke off the import of spare parts"意为“切断了零部件的进口”，其中"choke off"意为“阻止；制止”，其中"choke"的本意是“阻塞，堵塞”，作不及物动词，即"to block or fill a passage,space,etc. so that movement is difficult."搭配"spare parts"意为“备用零件”，"spare"在此处作形容词，意为“备用的，外加的”，即"kept in case you need to replace the one you usually  use."

"lease …… from"中"lease"在此处作及物动词，意为“租用，租借；出租”，即"to ues or let sb ues sth,especially property or equipment,in exchange for rent or a regular payment."常见的搭配为：lease sth from sb/ lease sth out to sb.

"offshore generating plants"意为“海上发电厂”，单词"offshore"作形容词，意为“海上的，近海的”，即"happening or existing in the sea ,not far from the land."

"workaround"作为名词，意为"应变方法，变通方法"，即"a way in which you can solve or avoid a problem when the most obvious solution is not possible."

⑥But Cuba must still supply the fuel. This has become a problem. Cuba produces around 40, 000 barrels of oil per day but needs about 120, 000 to cover its energy needs. For years discounted oil from its socialist ally Venezuela made up much of the shortfall. But Venezuela slashed its exports to Cuba this year, racked by an economic crisis and looking tocapitalise on the lifting of American sanctions.Other providers, such as Russia and Mexico, have not made up the deficit (see chart). Puny foreign-currency reserves and a weak peso make it too costly to source oil on the spot market. The prime minister, Manuel Marrero, admitted last week that the country could no longer afford to buy fuel on international markets.

但是古巴仍然需要供应燃料。这已经成为一个问题。古巴每天大约生产4万桶石油，但需要大约12万桶来满足其能源需求。多年来，来自社会主义盟友委内瑞拉的打折石油弥补了大部分缺口。但委内瑞拉今年削减了对古巴的出口。该国饱受经济危机困扰，并且希望利用美国解除制裁这一契机（来改善自身经济状况）。其他供应商，如俄罗斯和墨西哥，也没有弥补这一缺口（见图表）。微薄的外汇储备和疲软的比索使得在市场上购买石油的成本太高。总理曼努埃尔·马雷罗(Manuel Marrero)上周承认，该国已无法再在国际市场上购买燃料。

划线句子是一个复合句，其中"racked by an economic crisis"中"racked"为过去分词作后置定语来修饰主语"Venezuela"，表示委内瑞拉削减对古巴的出口原因是被经济危机影响；其次便是句子"looking to capitalise on the lifting of American sanctions"中"looking"为现在分词作定语，对主语"Venezuela"进行修饰，表示委内瑞拉想要达到的意图。

"ally"在此处作名词，意为"盟友，支持者",即"a person who helps and supports sb who is in a difficult situation,especially a politician."

"slash one's exports to"在文章意为“削减某人/某国对……的出口”，其中"slash"作及物动词，意为“大幅度削减，大大降低”，即"to reduce sth by a large amount."

"rack"在此处作不及物动词，意为“使痛苦不堪，使受折磨”，即"to make sb suffer great physical or mental pain."——常用于被动语态当中。

"capitalise on the lifting of American sanctions"意为“利用美国取消制裁这一时机来获取利益”，其中"capitalise" 作为不及物动词，意为“利用”，即"oif you capitalise on a situation,you use it to gain some advantage for yourself."

"deficit"作名词，意为“赤字；逆差；亏损”，即"th e amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a paticular period of time."

"puny foreign-currency reserves"在文章意为“微薄的外汇储备”，单词"puny"此处作形容词，意为“微小的，孱弱的”，即"small and weak."

"peso"是指“比索”，是多个拉美国家和菲律宾的货币单位。墨西哥比索(peso)与人民币(CNY)的汇率为：1比索=0.3567人民币。

第三部分的主要内容是政府根据停电问题做出的一系列措施，效果却适得其反：引起的民众的反抗情绪和多数人民的迁移。

⑦The government is rationing what little oil it has, throttling demand for electricity by forcing factories, nightclubs and schools to close. It is anxious to avoid a wave of social unrest. In 2021 tens of thousands of people throughout the country took to the streets after a similar outage. Smaller protests have broken out since, in 2022 and earlier this year, evidence of either a lack of fear or increased desperation.

政府正在限量供应剩余的石油，并通过强制关闭工厂、夜总会和学校等措施来限制电力需求。它迫切希望避免引发大规模的社会动荡。2021年，全国有数千人因类似的停电事件走上街头抗议。自2022年以来，以及今年早些时候，还发生了一些较小规模的抗议活动，这表明要么是人们缺乏恐惧，要么是绝望情绪加剧。

划线的句子使用两个并列的谓语动词"rationing"和"throtting"来强调了政府在不同资源上采取的行动。同时，句中包含一个宾语从句。其中，"what little oil it has"作为"rationing"的宾语，说明了政府正在分配的石油量非常有限；"by forcing factories,nightclubs and schools to close"作为"throtting"的方式状语，解释了政府如何限制电力需求。

"ration"在此处作为及物动词，意为“限定……的量；定量供应”，即"to limit the amount of sth that sb is allowed to have,especially because there is not enough of it available."

"throttling demand for electricity"在文章理解为“限制对电力的需求”，单词"throttle"本意为“使窒息；掐死；勒死”，即"to attack or kill sb by squeezing their throat in order to stop them from breathing."在文章这里是一个拟人的用法，理解成“限制”之意。

"outage"作为名词，即"a period of time when the suppply of electricity,etc.is not working."意为“停电（等）期间”的意思。

（古巴哈内瓦）

⑧Others voted with their feet: at least one million Cubans have fled the country since 2022, around a tenth of the total population and the largest wave of migration recorded in the island's history. The latest blackouts mean more are likely to leave. Only a small number of protests have been reported, mostly confined to the banging of pots and pans.

古巴人民通过他们的实际行动来证明了他们的选择：自2022年以来，至少有100万古巴人逃离了该国，约占总人口的十分之一，是古巴历史上记录到的最大规模的移民潮。最新的停电意味着可能会有更多人离开。只有少数抗议活动被报道，大多局限于敲打锅碗瓢盆。

"Others voted with their feet"在此处并不是理解为“其他人用脚投票”，它本身是一个英语成语，意思是一些人通过实际行动（如搬迁、离开某个地方）来表达他们的选择或者立场，而不是通过正式的投票过程。这个表达通常是用来描述人们因为不满某种情况或者政策而选择离开，以此来“投票”反对当前的环境或者政权。

"confine"在此处是作及物动词，意为“限制，限定”,即"to keep sb/sth inside the limits of a particular activity,subject,area,etc."

"the banging of pots and pans"意为“敲打锅碗瓢盆”，其中"bang"在此处作及物动词，意为“猛敲，砸”，即"to hit sth in a way that makes a loud noise."在文章这里，作动名词"banging"使用，指敲打锅碗瓢盆这一行为，而不是指某次具体的敲打动作。

➜补充说明："the banging of pots and pans"是一种常见的抗议方式，尤其是在拉丁美洲国家，比如智利、阿根廷、委内瑞拉等，这种方式也被称为"Cacerolazos",人们通过敲打日用品来发出噪音，一次作为一种非暴力的抗议形式，表达他们的不满或要求。

第四部分的主要内容是讲述古巴将要采取的措施来缓解电力供应问题，但这些措施都面临着诸多问题：更换发电厂时间成本长；古巴人民收入普遍较低➜古巴的电力供应问题任重道远。

Even if Cuba's ancient fleet of oil-burning generators can be kept running, the problems will get worse. But replacing the power plants would take decades and be painfully expensive. Belatedly, the government is turning to solar panels, which offer a far cheaper method of generating electricity than burning oil (something it has promised to do for years). Vicente de la O Levy, the energy minister, has said the government plans to install some two gigawatts of solar capacity by 2028, enough to cover about a fifth of the island's electricity needs. It is also encouraging Cubans to buy their own panels; a tough ask when average monthly take-home pay is a measly $166, enough to buy one panel that could perhaps power a fridge.

即使古巴古老的燃油发电机组能够继续运行，问题也会越来越严重。但是更换发电厂需要几十年的时间，而且代价高昂。政府终于开始转向太阳能电池板，这种方法比燃烧石油发电要便宜得多（古巴多年来一直承诺这样做）。能源部长Vicente de la O Levy表示，政府计划到2028年安装约200万千瓦的太阳能容量，足以满足该岛约五分之一的电力需求。古巴还鼓励民众购买自己的太阳能电池板，但这对于平均月收入只有可怜的166美元（仅够购买一块可能只能为冰箱供电的太阳能电池板）的古巴人来说，并非易事。

划线句子由两个部分构成，第二个部分的整体结构为：主句+时间状语从句+定语从句，主句的核心意思是“这是一个艰难的要求”；第一个为"when"引导的时间状语从句，而这个从句"when average monthly take-home pay is ameasly"也包含了一个系表结构；第二个则是由"that"引导的定语从句，是对"one panel"的修饰。

"Cuba's ancient fleet of oil-burning generators"在文章意为“古巴古老的燃油发电机组”， 其中"fleet"作名词意为“（同一机构或统一调度的）机群,车队”，即"a group of planes,buses,taxis,etc.travelling together or owned by the same organization." 

”be painfully expensive"理解为“异常昂贵；贵的让人心疼”。这类表达通常用来描述那些超出了人们预期或预算的费用，让人在支付时感到经济上的压力或心理上的不适。

"belatedly"作为副词，意为“迟来地，晚出现地”，即"coming or happening lately."

"solar panels"意为“太阳能电池板”，其中"panel"在此处作名词，意为“嵌板，镶板，方格板块”，即"a square or rectangular piece of wood,glass,pr metal that forms part of a larger surface such as a door or wall."

"install"在此处作为及物动词，意为“安装；设置”，即"to fix equipment or furniture into position so that it can be used."

"gigawatt"作名词，是一个衡量电能输出或消耗的功率单位，意为“千兆瓦”，等于十亿瓦特。

"measly"作形容词使用，意为“很小的，很少的，不足的”，即"very small in size or quantity;not enough."

⑩How the government will scrounge up the hard cash needed to import fuel in the meantime is another question. China or Russia might see the benefit in propping up an irritant on the doorstep of the United States. Absent that, radical reform is needed. The best Mr. Diaz-Canel can do is a costume change.

在此期间，政府将如何筹集进口燃料所需的现金则是另一个问题。中国或俄罗斯或许会看到扶持美国家门口这个“眼中钉”的好处。倘若没有这种外部援助，古巴就需要进行彻底改革。迪亚斯-卡内尔先生所能做的最多也就是换换表面形式而已。

"scrounge up the hard cash"意为“勉强凑集现金”，其中"scrounge"为及物动词，意为“搜寻；乞讨”，即"to get money or something you want by asking other people for it rather than by paying for it yourself."

"prop up an irritant on"意为“提供刺激给……”，在文章中形象地翻译为“扶持一个‘眼中钉’”。短语"prop up"意为“支持；给予某人帮助”，其中单词"prop"作为及物动词，意为“支撑”，即"to support an object by learing it against sth,or putting sth under it etc.;to support a person in the same way."

"irritant"在此处作名词，意为“刺激物”，即"something that keeps annoying you over a period of time."

"absent that"这个短语意为“如果没有；除非”，通常用于英语中的条件句或假设句。

"a costume change"这个短语在这里并不是意为“服装的更换”，而是一个比喻表达，借用这个概念来比喻政治或者社会改革的肤浅或者不彻底。在这里是暗示古巴的改革并没有真正解决国家面临的问题，只是做了一个表面的更改罢了，就类似于更换服装，并不是根本性的改变。

06

读完本篇文章，让我们一起来回答一下开头设立的几个问题吧！

1.What disasters did the blackout bring to Cuba?停电给古巴带来了哪些灾难？A:The decay of food; A huge decline in Internet traffic;The hunger and thirst.

2.What are the main factors causing the power outages in Cuba?导致古巴停电的主要因素是什么？A:Cuba's superannuated power system;U.S. sanctions on parts imports；Cuba's fuel shortage;Lack of oil supplies from Allies

3.What measures Cuba has taken to solve the problem of electricity supply？古巴为解决电力供应问题做出了哪些措施？

A:Force factories, nightclubs and schools to close;Installsolar capacity;Encourage Cubans to buy their own panels.

07

This newspaper mainly discusses Cuba's electricity problem in depth, and specifically analyzes the reasons for the problem of power blackouts in Cuba, the huge disaster caused by power blackouts, and Cuba's long way to solve the problem of electricity supply.

At the same time, Cuba's power supply problems indirectly reflect some of the problems of global power supply: the fragility of energy infrastructure, over-reliance on fossil fuels, and insufficient investment in renewable energy. This series of problems also force people to make changes. On the one hand, people should reduce their dependence on a single structure through diversified energy structure, because diversified energy structure can provide stability and reliability of power supply. On the other hand, in order to combat climate change, it is also necessary to accelerate the development of renewable energy. Most importantly, there is a need to create awareness of saving electricity,recognizing that saving electricity is not only to save economic costs, but also to help mitigate global climate change and reduce the occurrence of certain natural disasters.

08

1.图片：Microsoft Edge,百度搜索

2.单词释义：有道词典，柯林斯词典

3.文章参考：

https://view.inews.qq.com/k/20241022A04Z2D00?web_channel=wap&openApp=false

http://euroasia.cssn.cn/kycg/sls/201905/t20190510_4878520.shtml

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fidel-Castro

https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_29091164

4.本期外刊选自The Economist 10月26日期刊