城市化与宅基地扩张——基于中国农村家庭追踪调查的实证研究
文摘
财经
2024-09-30 14:39
上海
城市化与宅基地扩张——基于中国农村家庭追踪调查的实证研究
Urbanization and the Expansion of Rural Homestead Areas: An Empirical Study Based on CRHPS
《财经研究》2024年50卷第8期 页码：109-123 online：2024年8月3日
中：张宽1,2 , 张霄1,2 , 许庆1,2
英：Zhang Kuan1,2, Zhang Xiao1,2, Xu Qing1,2
作者单位：1. 上海财经大学 财经研究所，上海 200433; 2. 上海财经大学 城乡发展研究院，上海 200433
摘要：城市化下宅基地治理的一大困境在于农户宅基地面积持续扩张使得“一户多宅、面积超标”问题比较突出，探索造成这一困境的原因对当下深化农村宅基地制度改革、推进乡村振兴和促进城乡融合发展具有重要意义。文章从土地征收的角度入手，利用中国农村家庭追踪调查数据进行实证检验。研究发现，以土地征收为特点的城市化使得城郊土地发生增值，农户和政府参与到土地收益权分配的博弈中，为了获得更高的收益，农户将扩大宅基地的面积。机制分析表明，经济激励和制度空间对农户行为起到调节作用，在土地升值空间更大、农户社会网络更强时，城市化对农户宅基地面积扩张的影响更大。异质性分析表明，政府在面临同样的激励时会收紧宅基地管理政策，压缩农户行为的制度空间，削弱城市化对农户扩张宅基地的影响。文章通过实证分析解释了城市化下宅基地面积持续扩张的现象，为探索更加合理的收益分配方式、解决宅基地治理困境提供了经验证据。
关键词：城市化；宅基地治理困境；土地征收；宅基地面积扩张
Summary: A major dilemma in homestead governance under urbanization is the continual expansion of homestead areas and the frequently emerging problem of “one household having multiple homesteads and exceeding the standard area”. Clarifying the logic of this dilemma will help improve the reform of the homestead system and is of great significance to promote rural vitalization and integrated urban-rural development. This paper utilizes empirical evidence from the China Rural Household Panel Survey (CRHPS) to explain this dilemma from a land expropriation perspective. The study reveals that urbanization-induced land expropriation results in appreciation of suburban land, both households and the government engage in the distribution of land income rights in a non-market way, and in pursuit of higher returns, households expand their homestead areas. Mechanism testing indicates that economic incentives and institutional vacuum play a regulatory role in affecting household behavior. When land appreciation is greater and there are stronger social networks among households, the impact of urbanization on the expansion of rural homestead areas becomes more pronounced. Heterogeneity analysis shows that stricter homestead policies will compress the institutional vacuum for household behavior and mitigate the impact of urbanization on homestead expansion. The marginal contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) It shows that homestead governance is no longer regarded as an issue purely relating to “Agriculture, Rural Areas, and Farmers”, but rather a reflection of the interaction between the city and the countryside, as well as between the government and farmers. (2) It explores the impact of urbanization on the expansion of rural homestead areas from two angles: economic incentives and institutional vacuum. (3) It proposes policy approaches to address the dilemma in homestead governance. Subsequent policies should focus on two aspects: recognizing regional variations in economic incentives and implementing differentiated policies; refining formal institutions and minimizing specific administrative actions, so as to compress the institutional vacuum for farmers to expand homestead areas.
Key words: urbanization; dilemma in homestead governance; land expropriation; expansion of homestead areas
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20240521.401
收稿日期：2023-11-01
基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目（21ZDA060，22ZDA030）；国家社会科学基金重点项目（20AZD046）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（72103116）
