英国政府确认2027年启动CBAM
UK government confirms 2027 CBAM introduction
英国政府在10月30日发布的一份咨询文件中确认，其碳边境调节机制（CBAM）将于2027年1月启动。
The UK government has confirmed that its Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will start from January 2027, it says in a published consultation document dated 30 October.
英国政府表示，该机制将对从铝、水泥、化肥、氢气、钢铁行业进口到英国的一些排放最密集的工业产品实行碳价格。在这些行业中，CBAM将仅适用于特定的进口“CBAM商品”，这些商品由CBAM的产品级别范围决定，并通过商品代码进行识别。
It says the mechanism will place a carbon price on some of the most emissions-intensive industrial goods imported to the UK from the aluminium, cement, fertiliser, hydrogen, iron and steel sectors. Within these sectors, the CBAM will only apply to specific imported “CBAM goods”, determined by the product level scope of the CBAM and identified by commodity code.
Kallanish（开阑商务信息咨询）获悉，该文件确认，正如之前所宣布的，该机制将适用于进口CBAM产品所体现的“直接”、“间接”和特定“前体”产品排放。
The document confirmed, as previously announced, the mechanism will be applied to “direct”, “indirect” and select “precursor” product emissions embodied in imported CBAM goods,Kallanish notes.
今年3月启动的磋商建议，相关行业内通过商品代码识别的进口废料将不在英国CBAM的范围内。
The consultation, whichlaunched back in March, proposed that imported scrap, identified via commodity codes, within relevant sectors will not be within the scope of the UK CBAM.
政府还补充说，2027年1月的启动日期将兼顾给企业时间做准备的需要，同时也能在实现国家脱碳目标的过程中对碳泄漏采取行动。
The government adds that the January 2027 start date would balance the need to give businesses time to prepare, while also taking action on carbon leakage amid its ambition to decarbonise the country.
参与咨询的公司包括British Steel、Celsa Steel UK、Electrosteel UK Ltd、Hyundai Steel、Jaguar Land Rover、Mughal Steel、Salzgitter Mannesmann UK、Stemcor、Tata Steel Europe和UK steel。
Companies who responded to the consultation include British Steel, Celsa Steel UK, Electrosteel UK Ltd, Hyundai Steel, Jaguar Land Rover, Mughal Steel, Salzgitter Mannesmann UK, Stemcor, Tata Steel Europe and UK steel.
英国目前减少碳泄漏风险的主要措施是英国排放交易计划下的自由分配制度。英国排放交易计划管理局于2023年7月提出对英国排放交易计划进行改革，在2023年至2027年期间，可从政府购买的许可证数量将减少45%，免费配额的数量也将减少。
The UK’s current main measure to mitigate carbon leakage risk is the system of free allocation under the UK ETS. Reforms to the UK ETS, as set out by the UK ETS Authority in July 2023, will reduce the number of permits available for purchase from government by 45% between 2023 and 2027, and the number of free allowances will also decrease.
文件还指出，2024年9月，英国排放交易计划管理局就将第二个免费分配期的起始时间从2026年改为2027年并将当前分配期延长至2026年进行了磋商。
The document also notes that in September 2024 the UK ETS Authority consulted on moving the start of the second free allocation period from 2026 to 2027 and extending the current allocation period to include 2026.
当局认为，将时间推迟到2027年将使政府能够将自由分配审查的实施与英国CBAM的启动保持一致，从而确保对碳泄漏问题采取全面的政策措施。
A move to 2027 would enable the government to align the implementation of the Free Allocation Review with the introduction of the UK CBAM, ensuring a holistic policy approach to carbon leakage, authorities observe.
英国排放交易计划管理局将在适当时候做出最终决定并对咨询做出回应。
The UK ETS Authority will make a final decision and respond to the consultation in due course.
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