MTI考前押题
写在前面
而这对各位考研的同学来说意味着什么？很可能就是决定大家考研政治、英语专业课等相关科目分数的关键知识点！
川普当选后的影响波及全球，政治格局、经济形势、国际关系等都会发生改变，于是，今年考前押题的第一篇，就是围绕川普当选所带来的国际影响所展开的，希望大家予以高度重视，认真练起来！
学习步骤：
1.先通读文本，自行翻译；
2.查看译文，比对自己的译文和参考译文的差异；
3.学习并掌握重点词条&翻译要点。
自行翻译
According to the United Nations, 2024 is “the biggest election year in human history” with half of the world’s population – some 3.7 billion people in 72 countries – able to vote. Yet some elections are more consequential than others, which is why the world is watching as the US goes to the polls.
The US is the world’s largest economy, and the biggest military power. But it also the lynchpin of many international strategic alliances, the economic and financial system and many of the world’s liberal institutions.
These elections are a pivotal moment in US history which could have massive implications for how the country is governed and for the future of the post-war order that Washington has helped build.
Unlike any election since 1945 the basic tenets of US relations with the rest of the world are in contention. The choice is between Donald Trump’s Republican party potentially offering a complete break from the US’s role in the international community, compared to Kamala Harris’s more international agenda under the Democrats. Under Harris the US is likely to continue to play a significant role in Nato, for instance.
The most conspicuous assault on the US’s foreign policy tradition is Trump’s plans to impose a universal tariff of 20% on all foreign imports. Tariffs on China could be much higher with threats from Trump of 60-200%. As well as being inflationary and damaging to the American economy such moves are likely to result in retaliation, trade wars and dislocation with the world economy. By limiting access to the world’s largest national market, they would also hamper global efforts to transition to a zero-carbon economy.
Also in contention in the 2024 election is the US commitment to defend its friends and allies from hostile states. As a member of Nato the US is bound to come to the aid of the other members under article 5, if another country attacks them, and it also has similar treaties with Japan and South Korea. The Biden administration led Nato in supporting Ukraine with military and financial aid to prevent its total subjugation to Russian occupation.
By contrast Trump has indicated that he would end this support and pressure Kyiv to accept peace on Moscow’s terms. Rather than seeing a network of alliances as the basis of strength and influence, Trump sees these as a source of risk and a burden.
双语文本
According to the United Nations, 2024 is “the biggest election year in human history” with half of the world’s population – some 3.7 billion people in 72 countries – able to vote. Yet some elections are more consequential than others, which is why the world is watching as the US goes to the polls.
据联合国称，2024 年是 “人类历史上规模最大的选举年”，全球有一半人口 —— 约 72 个国家的 37 亿人 —— 能够参与投票。然而，有些选举的影响比其他选举更为重大，这就是为何全世界都在关注美国进行投票选举的情况。
consequential：这个词显然是consequence（结果）的形容词，故本意是「作为结果的」，而结果往往具有重大意义，故引申为「有影响力的，重大的」。
近义短语：significant、momentous、weighty。
反义短语：insignificant、trivial、negligible。
go to the polls: poll做单数时，表示「民意测验」和「投票，投票数」，比如：
The result of the poll won’t be known until around midnight.
选举结果要到午夜前后才公布。
而the polls，则是指「投票站」，故go to the polls为「参加投票」。
The US is the world’s largest economy, and the biggest military power. But it also the lynchpin of many international strategic alliances, the economic and financial system and many of the world’s liberal institutions.
美国是全球最大的经济体，也是头号军事强国。但它同时也是诸多国际战略联盟、经济与金融体系以及许多世界自由派机构的关键所在。
economy：economy在政经文本中，多为「经济体」；
power：在政经文本中，power一词多指「大国，强国」，有时也用powerhouse，比方说：
This era signals China’s journey toward becoming a sports powerhouse, with the world observing its dynamic and colorful blueprint.
时光标刻了中国迈向体育强国的脚印，厚重而有力；世界见证了中国建设体育强国的蓝图，绚丽而多彩。
lynchipin：这个词较为少见，意为「关键」或「关键性人物(或事物)」，来看一例表述中国在国际贸易中地位的句子：
And China is now a lynchpin in international trade and a powerful athlete in globe diplomacy.
此外，中国已经成为国际贸易中的关键一环；也在世界外交事务中扮演者强有力的角色。
These elections are a pivotal moment in US history which could have massive implications for how the country is governed and for the future of the post-war order that Washington has helped build.
此次美国大选是其历史上的一个关键时刻，这可能对美国的治理方式以及华盛顿协助构建的战后秩序的未来产生重大影响。
pivotal：pivot是「中枢」，而扮演枢纽功能的，必定是起关键作用的，因此，pivotal即「中枢」，此处pivotal moment同critical moment.
have massive implications for：implication我们此前多次讲到过，主要是指间接的、可能导致的影响或后果，搭配介词for：
There are serious implications for the environment if we continue to pollute at this rate.
如果我们继续以这种速度污染环境，将会对环境产生严重影响。
Unlike any election since 1945 the basic tenets of US relations with the rest of the world are in contention. The choice is between Donald Trump’s Republican party potentially offering a complete break from the US’s role in the international community, compared to Kamala Harris’s more international agenda under the Democrats. Under Harris the US is likely to continue to play a significant role in Nato, for instance.
与 1945 年以来的任何一次选举不同，美国在外交关系上秉持的的基本原则正受到争议。此次选举的抉择在于，唐纳德·特朗普所在的共和党可能会让美国彻底脱离其在国际社会中的角色，而卡玛拉·哈里斯领导下的民主党则有着更具国际视野的议程。例如，在哈里斯的领导下，美国可能会继续在北约发挥重要作用。
tenet: 原则，信条；
contention：这个词有争论、争辩、争夺之意。in contention表示处于争议、竞争的状态。
在文中 “the basic tenets of US relations with the rest of the world are in contention”，指美国与世界其他国家关系的基本原则处于争议之中；“Also in contention in the 2024 election is the US commitment...” 表示 2024 年美国大选中美国的承诺也处于争议中。
The most conspicuous assault on the US’s foreign policy tradition is Trump’s plans to impose a universal tariff of 20% on all foreign imports. Tariffs on China could be much higher with threats from Trump of 60-200%. As well as being inflationary and damaging to the American economy such moves are likely to result in retaliation, trade wars and dislocation with the world economy. By limiting access to the world’s largest national market, they would also hamper global efforts to transition to a zero-carbon economy.
特朗普对美国外交政策传统最明显的冲击在于，他计划对所有外国进口商品征收 20% 的普遍关税。对中国的关税可能会更高，特朗普曾威胁要征收 60% 至 200% 的关税。此类举措不仅会引发通货膨胀并损害美国经济，还很可能招致报复、引发贸易战并扰乱世界经济。通过限制他国进入全球最大的国内市场，这些举措还会阻碍全球向零碳经济转型的努力。
assault：有攻击、袭击之意，在文中 “The most conspicuous assault on the US’s foreign policy tradition...” 表示对美国外交政策传统最明显的冲击。这里是一种比喻用法，将对传统政策的破坏比作攻击，此外，还可以联想到短语deal a heavy blow （to）, 同样表示「沉重打击...」。
dislocation: 有混乱、失调之意。在经济语境中，常表示经济秩序或体系的紊乱。
Also in contention in the 2024 election is the US commitment to defend its friends and allies from hostile states. As a member of Nato the US is bound to come to the aid of the other members under article 5, if another country attacks them, and it also has similar treaties with Japan and South Korea. The Biden administration led Nato in supporting Ukraine with military and financial aid to prevent its total subjugation to Russian occupation.
2024 年美国大选的另一个争议点在于美国对其盟友抵御敌对国家的承诺。作为北约成员国，依据第五条规定，如果其他成员国遭受他国攻击，美国有义务提供援助，而且美国与日本和韩国也签署了类似的条约。拜登政府曾领导北约向乌克兰提供军事和财政援助，以防止其完全被俄罗斯占领。
By contrast Trump has indicated that he would end this support and pressure Kyiv to accept peace on Moscow’s terms. Rather than seeing a network of alliances as the basis of strength and influence, Trump sees these as a source of risk and a burden.
相比之下，特朗普已表示他将终止这种支持，并给基辅施压，让其按照莫斯科的条件接受和平条款。特朗普并不认为联盟网络是实力和影响力的基础，而是将其视为一种风险源和负担。
