大疆请求华盛顿的一名美国地区法官下令将其从五角大楼将其指定为“中国军工公司”的名单中剔除。
撰文：李星
大疆创新在10月18日递交给华盛顿地方法院的一份法律文件中表示，美国五角大楼把大疆列入CMC清单（Chinese Military Companies List）这一认定是错误的，该公司请求华盛顿的一名美国地区法官下令将其从五角大楼将其指定为“中国军工公司”的名单中剔除，并称其“既不由中国军方所有，也不受中国军方控制”。
大疆表示，美方此举似乎是国土安全部一项更广泛举措的一部分，以审查产品的原产地，尤其是中国制造的无人机。但大疆一直致力于推动民用无人机产品的应用与创新，反对产品用于军事用途。
在2017 年，美国国防部也曾把大疆列入制裁清单，但美国政府采购部门对此进行了申诉，该禁令于2018年被取消。
在美国国防部超过16个月没有与该公司就上述认定进行接触后，大疆决定正式对五角大楼提起诉讼，称“除了向联邦法院寻求救济外，别无选择”。
美国国防部在2022年10月以大疆创新与中国军方关系甚密或积极参与中国“军民融合”战略为由，将大疆创新等13家中国企业列入投资黑名单。被列入名单后，美国商务部可据此限制美国公司与这些中国企业有生意往来，包括投资。
大疆创新当时回应称，该公司是唯一一家不鼓励将其产品用于军事用途的无人机制造商，并反对将五角大楼将其列入黑名单的举措。
大疆是世界上最大的无人机制造商，产品占美国无人机销量一半以上。大疆指出，美国五角大楼“非法和错误的决定”给该公司造成了重大的财务损失，大疆“失去商业交易，被诬蔑为国家安全威胁，并被禁止与多个联邦政府机构签订合同”。美国和国际客户已经终止与大疆的现有合同，还拒绝与大疆签订新的合同。
近日美国政府阻止了部分大疆无人机的进口。大疆创新通知分销商，美国海关边境保护局援引“维吾尔强迫劳动预防法”（UFLPA），扣留部分进口到美国的无人机。
此前大疆无人机在美国曾多次被指存在数据传输、监视和国家安全风险，众议院上月投票通过禁止大疆新型无人机在美国操作的法案，目前正等待参议院批准。
大疆表示，大疆生产的任何阶段均不涉及强迫劳动，也否认了美国立法者多次担心大疆无人机会带来数据传输、监视和国家安全风险的现象。
在国际贸易中，军用产品与技术的交易受到较为严格的管制。美国国防部CMC清单是美国国防部根据《2021财年国防授权法案》第1260H条制定的“黑名单”，旨在识别在美国直接或间接运营的中国军事企业，目前已有多家中国企业被恶意列入。
产品或技术如果被美国国防部列入CMC清单，则意味着向美国实体和公司发出警告，警告其与美国实体和公司开展业务往来会带来国家安全风险。
近年来美国收紧了在华的军事技术领域的合作，并对一些认定为敏感的企业进行制裁，许多大型企业都榜上有名，包括航空公司中航工业、存储芯片制造商长江存储、中国移动和能源公司中海油。
不过今年5月，激光雷达制造商禾赛集团提起对美国国防部提起了诉讼，质疑五角大楼将禾赛公司列为中国军方企业。10月16日五角大楼将禾赛公司从名单中移除，但表示将立即以国家安全为由将这家中国公司重新列入名单。
此次大疆应该是看到了禾赛集团的诉讼成功，因此也发起了类似的诉讼。
不过业界表示，这些企业想要再进入到美国市场，除非这些企业也像美国企业在华开展业务，把数据中心建在国内并交由国内监管一样，也在美国建立数据中心，并把数据交由美国政府监管，并缴纳因此产生的公务管理费用，否则很难取得美国各界的信任。
同样，如果想在全球其它敏感地区开展业务，也要把监管权交给美国或美国指定的机构，才能正常进行。否则的话，美国以及跟美国签有共同监管协义国家与地区的企业或实体，都不敢跟美国所列名单上的企业合作，以免央及自身的商业信任政策。
事实上中美双方对国家安全和数据安全都十分在意，中国近期也对英特尔芯片有后门能传输数据并进行远程监控为由提起管制调查，同取消了一海外自动驾驶企业的质资，认为其在中国进行非法测绘与敏感地理数据收集。而此前特斯拉汽车因为搭载了视觉自动驾驶系统，被一些地方禁止驶入或通行。
Will the drone DJI formally sue the United States Department of Defense as successful as Hesai?
Editor: Li Xing
In an Oct. 18 legal filing with the District Court in Washington, DJI said the United States Pentagon's determination that DJI was wrong to include it on the CMC (Chinese Military Companies List), and that the company asked a United States district judge in Washington to order it be removed from the Pentagon's list of "Chinese military companies," saying it " It is neither owned nor controlled by the Chinese military".
DJI said the U.S. move appears to be part of a broader move by the Department of Homeland Security to review the origin of products, especially Chinese-made drones. However, DJI has been committed to promoting the application and innovation of civilian drone products, and opposes the use of products for military purposes.
In 2017, the United States Department of Defense also added DJI to the sanctions list, but the United States government procurement department complained about it, and the ban was lifted in 2018.
After the United States Department of Defense did not engage with the company about the determination for more than 16 months, DJI decided to formally file a lawsuit against the Pentagon, saying it had "no choice but to seek relief in federal court."
In October 2022, the United States Department of Defense blacklisted 13 Chinese companies, including DJI, on the grounds that DJI has close ties with the Chinese military or actively participates in China's "civil-military integration" strategy. Once listed, the United States Department of Commerce may restrict United States companies from doing business, including investment, with these Chinese companies.
DJI responded at the time that it was the only drone manufacturer that discouraged the use of its products for military purposes and opposed the Pentagon's move to blacklist it.
DJI is the world's largest drone manufacturer, accounting for more than half of drone sales in the United States. DJI noted that the United States Pentagon's "illegal and erroneous decisions" caused significant financial losses to the company, and that DJI "lost business deals, was falsely labeled a national security threat, and was banned from contracting with multiple federal government agencies." United States and international customers have terminated existing contracts with DJI and are refusing to sign new contracts with DJI.
Recently, the United States government blocked the import of some DJI drones. DJI has notified distributors that United States Customs and Border Protection has invoked the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) to detain some drones imported into United States.
DJI drones have been repeatedly accused of data transmission, surveillance, and national security risks in the United States, and the House of Representatives voted last month to pass a bill banning DJI's new drones from operating in the United States, which is currently awaiting Senate approval.
DJI said that forced labor is not involved at any stage of DJI's production, and also denied repeated concerns by United States lawmakers that DJI drones pose data transmission, surveillance and national security risks.
In international trade, the trade in military products and technology is subject to relatively strict control. The United States Department of Defense CMC List is a "blacklist" established by the United States Department of Defense under Section 1260H of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 to identify Chinese military companies operating directly or indirectly in the United States.
A product or technology that is listed on the CMC list by the United States Department of Defense is a warning to United States entities and companies that doing business with United States entities and companies poses a national security risk.
In recent years, the United States has tightened cooperation in the field of military technology in China, and many large companies have been listed, including the airline AVIC, memory chip maker Yangtze Storage, China Mobile and energy company CNOOC.
But in May, LiDAR maker Hesai Group filed a lawsuit against the United States Department of Defense, challenging the Pentagon's designation of Hesai as a Chinese military company. On October 16, the Pentagon removed Hesai from its list, but said it would immediately put the Chinese company back on the list, citing national security concerns.
This time, DJI should have seen the success of Hesai Group's lawsuit, so it also launched a similar lawsuit.
However, the industry said that if these companies want to enter the United States market again, it will be difficult for them to gain the trust of all walks of life in United States unless they also build data centers in United States and hand over data centers to domestic supervision, just as United States companies do business in China and build United States data centers in China and hand them over to domestic supervision, and pay the resulting official management costs.
Similarly, if you want to do business in other sensitive regions around the world, you need to hand over the regulatory power to the United States or a United States designated agency in order to do so. Otherwise, neither the United States nor any of the countries or entities with which the United States has signed a joint regulatory agreement will dare to cooperate with companies on the United States list, so as to avoid the central government's and its own business trust policies.
