在中方媒体不断重申代工苹果手机的富士康没有离开河南一段时间后，苹果iPhone手机制造供应链市场布局却又迎来了新的挑战。 近期在东南亚最大的新兴市场国家印尼，苹果的新款iPhone16手机和iPad平板电脑都遇到了麻烦。据印尼工业部10月25日在一份声明中表示，9月份推出的iPhone 16无法在印尼国内销售，因为当地子公司PT Apple Indonesia尚未满足该国对智能手机和平板电脑40%的国产化率要求。不过苹果的旧款产品仍可在印尼销售。
2012年，印尼政府曾发布监管规定，要求手机进口商在2015年底之前在印尼国内建设工厂。2013年，印尼对进口的手机征收了20%的奢侈税，试图控制经常性账户赤字。2014年9月，印尼政府又发布新的监管规定，要求到2017年，使印尼销售的所有4G设备都包含至少30%的本地采购元件。印尼在2017 年再次出台了制造业的本土内容法规，提高本土内容的其他方式包括在该国采购材料或雇用工人，要求进入印尼市场的产品，达到40%的本土内容。而在印度，苹果也在顽强的配合印度政府，推进iPhone手机印度造目标。据供应链传出的消息显示，苹果低端 iPhone17（内部代号 V57）的开发工作，已在富士康位于印度班加罗尔的工厂悄然展开。为了更好的完成这部供应链称“原型机1”的产品在印度量产，富士康将在一条生产线上尝试不同的设备和供应商组合，试生产数千部 iPhone，以检验印度工程师团队能否达到苹果总部早期原型机的质量标准。据了解，为了能在印度真正实现iPhone手机本土制造，把除了核心系统与技术集成的半导体元器外的大部分工序都能在印度本土配套完成，富士康根据印度境内的制造业状况，给苹果提出了多个产品设计修改方案，要求苹果配合印度供应链重新设计“加工组装”更简单产品。 此前苹果为了能在印度生产iPhone16，就把标准版的产品设计，更改回当初富士康把iPhone手机生产大部分从深圳搬往郑州时的三板式设计，就是前面板总成+主板中框总成+电池+后盖板总成的结构。当时各大供应商把这四部分做好后发到郑州，郑州工厂只负责扣上连接器，打螺丝，贴胶，然后把三个部份组装起来，然后刷机、测试、包装出货这些简单工序。印度生产的标准版iPhone16，也是在富士康建议苹果改成这种设计后，在印度实现了大规模生产。不过自从iPhoneX后，中国供应链主导的复杂iPhone旗舰机型设计模式的高端产品，目前仍只有中国的供应链能完成，因为这些产品的生产加工、测试、自动化组装设备与量产工具，都是中国内地的厂商设计并制造出来的，海外还没有这些设备与量产工具。在越南成功把三星手机制造业给承接过去，并成为越南最大的外贸项目，大幅度提升了越南外贸出口以及在国际市场上的市场地位后，并对改善民生，以及巩固政府治理方面做出大量贡献后，印尼其实很早也盯上了手机制造这一诱人的行业。为了配合印尼的政策，三星早在2014年就开始在印尼建厂，2015年正式在印度组装三星手机，并成为印度最大的手机品牌，长期占据印尼的手机销量榜首。OPPO当时也迅速跟进三星，在2015年开始在印尼组装生产手机，成为与三星共同开发印尼市场的主要竞争对手。2017年2月小米宣布在印尼本土生产手机,与印尼当地企业Erajaya、SAT Nusapersada以及TSM Technologies合作建厂，也实现了印尼生产。苹果手机由于售价较高，早期在印尼市场上的销量十分平常，但与其它品牌在历年的销量波动不同，苹果手机从2015年以后，年年保持了持续的逐年增长。最近苹果的份额上升趋势更是明显。苹果在2022年的份额还不到10%，今年9月已经升至11.77%，已成为印尼第五大销量智能手机品牌。 目前随着全球智能手机市场的饱和，新兴的东南亚市场已成为最具吸引力的替代市场。其中印尼是世界第四大人口大国，拥有超过3.5亿部活跃手机，远远超过该国2.7亿的人口，并且该国人口年轻，具有巨大的增长潜力。而随着经济快速增长，购买力不断提高，苹果也将印尼市场定位为机遇之地。不过苹果在印尼的投资仅为1.5万亿卢比（约9500万美元），低于其承诺的1.7万亿卢比。虽然苹果在印尼设立了四所开发者学院，但尚未建立本地制造工厂。苹果首席执行官蒂姆·库克曾在4月访问印尼表示，正在研究在印尼设立工厂的可能性。但手机制造业除了能带来较大的劳动力就业人口增长外，其实实际的加工利润率并不高，如富士康常年代工苹果手机，加工利润率只在5~7%左右，有时遇到难度较高的机型，或在如印度这种运营环境较差的国家，很容易导致亏损，所以很多国家与地区，为了吸引手机制造业，当地政府一般都会采取各种优惠政策或现金补贴，来减少这些企业的投资与运营成本。由于印尼并没有中国和印度类似的现金补贴计划，苹果手机的代工厂商富士康、纬创、和硕、立讯精密等，都没有前往印尼设厂的欲望，更不用说其它供应链企业。自2020年以来，印尼对海外购买的手机实施登记和高额税款要求。印尼工业部表示，截至目前，已有约9000部iPhone 16通过乘客和机组人员携带或邮寄方式进入印尼，但这些手机仅限个人使用，禁止交易，使得有意购买iPhone 16的消费者面临额外困难。The sale of iPhone16 mobile phones is banned, and Indonesia wants to compete with China and India for Apple's production orders Editor: LucienAfter the Chinese media continued to reiterate that Foxconn had not left Henan for a period of time, Apple's iPhone manufacturing supply chain layout has ushered in new challenges.In Indonesia, Southeast Asia's largest emerging market country, Apple's new iPhone 16 phone and iPad tablet are in trouble. The iPhone 16, which was launched in September, cannot be sold in Indonesia because its local subsidiary, PT Apple Indonesia, has not yet met the country's 40% localization requirement for smartphones and tablets, the Indonesian industry ministry said in a statement on October 25. However, Apple's older products can still be sold in Indonesia.In 2012, the Indonesian government issued regulations requiring mobile phone importers to build factories in Indonesia by the end of 2015. In 2013, Indonesia imposed a 20 percent luxury tax on imported mobile phones in an attempt to rein in its current account deficit. In September 2014, the Indonesian government issued new regulations requiring all 4G devices sold in Indonesia to contain at least 30% locally sourced components by 2017. In 2017, Indonesia reintroduced local content regulations for manufacturing, and other ways to improve local content include sourcing materials or hiring workers in the country, requiring products to enter the Indonesian market, with 40% local content.In India, Apple is also stubbornly cooperating with the Indian government to promote the goal of making iPhones in India. According to news from the supply chain, the development of Apple's low-end iPhone 17 (internally codenamed V57) has quietly begun at Foxconn's factory in Bangalore, India. In order to complete the mass production of this supply chain called "Prototype 1" in India, Foxconn will try different combinations of equipment and suppliers on a production line to test whether the Indian engineering team can meet the quality standards of early prototypes at Apple's headquarters. It is understood that in order to truly realize the local manufacturing of iPhones in India, most of the processes except for the semiconductor components integrated with the core system and technology can be completed in India, Foxconn has proposed a number of product design modification plans to Apple according to the manufacturing situation in India, requiring Apple to cooperate with the Indian supply chain to redesign "processing and assembly" simpler products.Previously, in order to produce iPhone16 in India, Apple changed the standard version of the product design back to the three-plate design when Foxconn moved most of the iPhone production from Shenzhen to Zhengzhou, which is the structure of the front panel assembly + motherboard middle frame assembly + battery + rear cover assembly.At that time, the major suppliers sent these four parts to Zhengzhou, and the Zhengzhou factory was only responsible for buttoning the connector, screwing, gluing, and then assembling the three parts, and then flashing, testing, packaging and shipping. The standard version of the iPhone 16 produced in India was also mass-produced in India after Foxconn suggested that Apple change to this design. However, since the iPhone X, the high-end products of the complex iPhone flagship model design model led by the Chinese supply chain are still only completed by the Chinese supply chain, because the production and processing, testing, automated assembly equipment and mass production tools of these products are designed and manufactured by manufacturers in Chinese mainland, and there are no such equipment and mass production tools overseas.After Vietnam successfully undertook Samsung's mobile phone manufacturing industry and became Vietnam's largest foreign trade project, greatly improving Vietnam's foreign trade exports and market position in the international market, and making a lot of contributions to improving people's livelihood and consolidating government governance, Indonesia has actually been eyeing the attractive industry of mobile phone manufacturing for a long time.In order to cooperate with Indonesia's policy, Samsung began to build a factory in Indonesia as early as 2014, and officially assembled Samsung mobile phones in India in 2015, and became the largest mobile phone brand in India, occupying the top spot in Indonesia's mobile phone sales list for a long time. OPPO also quickly followed Samsung's lead at the time, and began assembling and producing mobile phones in Indonesia in 2015, becoming a major competitor in the joint development of the Indonesian market with Samsung.In February 2017, Xiaomi announced that it would produce mobile phones in Indonesia, and has established a factory in cooperation with local companies Erajaya, SAT Nusapersada, and TSM Technologies.Due to the high price of Apple's mobile phones, the sales in the Indonesian market were very normal in the early days, but unlike other brands that have fluctuated in sales over the years, Apple's mobile phones have maintained continuous year-on-year growth since 2015. Recently, Apple's share has risen even more significantly. Apple's share in 2022 was less than 10%, and in September this year it has risen to 11.77%, making it the fifth-largest selling smartphone brand in Indonesia.With the saturation of the global smartphone market, the emerging Southeast Asian market has emerged as the most attractive alternative market. Among them, Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world, with more than 350 million active mobile phones, far exceeding the country's population of 270 million, and the country has a young population with huge growth potential. With the rapid growth of the economy and the continuous improvement of purchasing power, Apple is also positioning the Indonesian market as a place of opportunity. However, Apple's investment in Indonesia is only 1.5 trillion rupiah (about $95 million), which is lower than the 1.7 trillion rupiah it has promised. While Apple has four developer academies in Indonesia, it has yet to establish a local manufacturing plant.Apple CEO Tim Cook visited Indonesia in April and said he was studying the possibility of setting up a factory in Indonesia. However, in addition to the mobile phone manufacturing industry can bring a larger increase in labor employment, in fact, the actual processing profit margin is not high, such as Foxconn's perennial industrial Apple mobile phone, the processing profit margin is only about 5~7%, sometimes encounter difficult models, or in countries such as India with a poor operating environment, it is easy to lead to losses, so many countries and regions, in order to attract the mobile phone manufacturing industry, the local government will generally adopt a variety of preferential policies or cash subsidies to reduce the investment and operating costs of these enterprises.Since Indonesia does not have a similar cash subsidy program as China and India, Apple's mobile phone OEMs Foxconn, Wistron, Pegatron, and Luxshare Precision have no desire to set up factories in Indonesia, let alone other supply chain companies.Since 2020, Indonesia has implemented registration and high tax requirements for mobile phones purchased overseas. So far, about 9,000 iPhone 16s have entered Indonesia by passengers and crew or by mail, but the phones are for personal use only and are prohibited from trading, making it an additional difficult for consumers interested in buying the iPhone 16, according to the Indonesian industry ministry.
