阿拉克萨格拉斯的物理原理
文摘
历史
2024-01-20 20:24
英国
Mixture and Rotation | 混合与旋转
The original state of the cosmos was an unlimited (apeiron) mixture of all the ingredients. The mixture of ingredients, all with all, exists eternally. Up to some point in the past, it was motionless (59 B1, A45), and it was everywhere undifferentiated, or almost so. According to B1, which Simplicius, the source for the fragment, says was near the beginning of Anaxagoras’ book:All things were together, unlimited both in amount and in smallness, for the small, too, was unlimited. And because all things were together, nothing was evident on account of smallness; for air and aether covered all things, both being unlimited, for these are the greatest among all things both in amount and in largeness.万物共同存在，无论在数量上还是在微小上都是无限的，因为微小也是无限的。而因为万物共同存在，由于微小而没有什么显现；因为空气和以太覆盖了所有事物，它们都是无限的，因为它们在数量和大小上都是最大的。Ingredients and Seeds | 成分与种子
The “opposites only” view cannot stand (arguments against it are given in Guthrie 1965 and Graham 2004). B15 may provide some evidence for the view:The dense and the wet and the cold and the dark came together here, where <the> earth is now; but the rare and the hot and the dry <and the bright> moved out to the far reaches of the aether.浓密、潮湿、寒冷和黑暗汇聚在这里，就是地球现在的地方；而稀薄、炎热、干燥和明亮则流向以太的边缘。
Mind/Intellect | 心智/智力
In B12 (the longest extant fragment), Anaxagoras claims that if nous were just another ingredient it could neither know nor rule in the way that it does.The other things have a share of everything, but nous is unlimited and self-ruling and has been mixed with no thing, but is alone itself by itself. For if it were not by itself, but had been mixed with anything else, then it would partake of all things, if it had been mixed with anything (for there is a share of everything in everything just as I have said before); and the things mixed together with it would thwart it, so that it would control none of the things in the way that it in fact does, being alone by itself. For it is the finest of all things and the purest, and indeed it maintains all discernment about everything and has the greatest strength. (59 B12, in part)其他事物在所有事物中都有份额，但“诺斯”是无限的、自主的，没有与任何事物混合，而是独自存在。因为如果它不是独自存在的，而是与其他任何事物混合，那么它将分享一切，如果它与任何事物混合在一起的话（因为正如我之前所说，每样东西都在一切东西中都有份额）；与它混合在一起的事物会阻碍它，使它无法像实际上那样控制所有事物，而是独自一人。因为它是一切事物中最精致、最纯净的，实际上它对一切事物都保持着明智的判断，拥有最大的力量。 （59 B12，部分）![]()
