Areas of agreement with Parmenides | 与巴门尼德的一致之处
No generation/destruction:
Fools. For their thoughts are not far-reaching, who expect that there comes to be what previously was not, or that anything perishes and is completely destroyed. (36=B11)
For it is impossible to come to be from what in no way is, and it is not to be accomplished and is unheard of that what is perishes absolutely. (39=B12)
...There is coming to be of not a single one of all mortal things, nor is there any end of deadly death .... (35=B8)
No void:
None of the whole is either empty or over-full. (40=B13)
- “短视之徒，他们期望从未存在的东西会产生，或者任何东西都会毁灭并完全消失。”（36=B11）
- “因为从无法存在的东西中产生是不可能的，而且不可能实现，也是闻所未闻的，存在的东西绝对不会灭亡。”（39=B12）
- “......所有凡人的任何一个都不会产生，致命死亡也没有尽头....”（35=B8）
2. **无虚空：**
- “整体既不是空的也不是过满的。”（40=B13）
Areas of disagreement with Parmenides |与巴门尼德的分歧之处：
Pluralism - the four elements:
Hear first the four roots of all things: Shining Zeus [fire] and life-bringing Hera [air] and Aidoneus [earth] and Nestis [water] who with her tears moistens mortal Springs. (34=B6)
Qualitative difference:
... For these [the four elements] are all equal and of the same age, but each rules in its own province and possesses its own individual character, but they dominate in turn as time revolves. (43=B17, line 27)
Motion:
And these [sc. the elements] never cease continually interchanging, at one time all coming together into one by Love, and at another each being borne apart by the hatred of Strife. (43=B17, line 6)
...For there are just these things [i.e., the four elements], and running through one another they come to be both humans and the tribes of other beasts at one time coming together into a single cosmos by Love and at another each being borne apart by the hatred of Strife .... (48=B26)
Note that Empedocles not only accepts the existence of motion, but offers an explanation of it, in terms of two primitive forces, Love (which moves things together) and Strife (which separates them).
- “首先听听万物的四个根源：闪烁的宙斯 [火]、生命带来的赫拉 [空气]、阿狄奥斯 [土]和涅斯蒂丝 [水]，她用她的眼泪滋润着凡人的泉水。”（34=B6）
2. **质的差异：**
- “......因为这些 [四个元素] 都是相等的，年龄相同，但每个都在其自己的领域统治，并拥有其自己的个性，但它们又随着时间的推移轮流支配。”（43=B17，第27行）
3. **运动：**
- “而这些 [即元素] 永远不停地交换，有时候全部被爱汇聚在一起，有时候又被仇恨分开。”（43=B17，第6行）
- “......因为只有这些东西 [即四个元素]，它们相互穿插，有时候被爱汇聚在一起成为单一的宇宙，有时候又被仇恨分开......”（48=B26）
Empedocles不仅在这些观点上与巴门尼德不一致，还提出了关于运动的解释，引入了爱（推动物体聚集）和仇恨（使它们分离）这两个原始力的概念来解释四个元素的相互作用。
