非洲遗产系列讲座预告丨约翰·祖鲁：替代性经济制度与周边社区的贫困缓解——以世界遗产地莫西奥图尼亚大瀑布为例

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֍ 钩沉历史  丈量土地  荟萃人文 ֍

/ 主讲题目Title /

——以世界遗产地莫西奥图尼亚大瀑布为例

Alternative Economic Systems and Alleviating Poverty to Surrounding Communities: A Case Study of The Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls World Heritage Property

/ 内容简介Abstract /

在穆库尼酋长领导下的穆库尼人民，其生计与瀑布旅游紧密相关。自1905年以来，他们一直向游客出售雕刻木制纪念品，这一传统延续至今。然而，为雕刻纪念品而消耗的木料导致了遗产地的森林砍伐，影响了遗产地的完整性。为缓解这一不可持续的做法，管理当局与穆库尼社区携手，在雕刻纪念品和穆库尼酋长经营的私人野生动物园之外，共同开发了另一项替代经济计划——在赞比亚利文斯顿市周边种植新鲜蔬菜，并供应给当地的酒店、旅馆和超市等市场。

本次讲座中主讲人将介绍这一替代经济活动的构想，评估其产出（效益）和影响，包括对上述原有经济渠道的影响，并探讨这是否有助于提升遗产地的可持续性观念。虽然这一模式提高了社区成员对可持续性的承诺，包括保护遗产地突出普遍价值的更广泛背景，但仍有一些因素可能危及遗产地实现可持续发展的积极步伐，其中就包括各级别的政治因素。

总体而言，本次讲座主讲人将提供一个模型，展示如何将遗产开发作为实现可持续发展的工具和桥梁，同时利用其他可能未被视为发展催化剂的资源。该模型主张共享新想法的概念化、实施和技术再定位，同时在世界遗产地逐步实现可持续性。

The Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls, a transboundary site co-managed by the State Parties of Zambia and Zimbabwe, was declared a World Heritage property in 1989 as illustrating ongoing geological and unique geomorphological features. However, it also holds local values venerated by communities. The site is not only a world masterpiece and a natural wonder of the world, but also a source of socio-economic livelihood for people living around it. The site is a driver of business initiatives by various companies and communities providing goods and services to local and international tourists arriving at the site.  

The people of Mukuni, under Chief Mukuni, have livelihoods linked to tourism at the site. They have been selling carved wooden souvenirs to tourists since 1905 and this continues in the present day. The harvesting of trees for carving curios has caused deforestation at the site, thereby affecting the integrity of the site. To mitigate this unsustainable approach, the Management Authorities and the community of Mukuni jointly developed an alternative economic initiative alongside carving curios and private game park operations by Chief Mukuni. Farming of fresh vegetables and supplying them to ready markets (hotels, lodge and supermarkets) around the city of Livingstone in Zambia was launched. 

This presentation reviews the conceptualization of this alternative economic activity, assess its outputs (benefits) and impact, including on previously existing economic streams aforementioned, as well as engages in the discussion of whether this is improving or not improving notions of sustainability at the site. While this model increased the level of commitment to sustainability by community members, including protecting the wider context of the Outstanding Universal Value of the property, there some factors that can jeopardize these positive strides towards attaining sustainable development at sites. This includes politics playing at different levels.

Overall, the presentation offers a model on how heritage development can be used as a tool and a conduit for sustainable development involving other resources, which may not have been envisioned as catalysts of development. The model argues for shared conceptualization, implementation and technical re-orientation to new ideas while gradually embedded sustainability at World Heritage sites.

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祖鲁先生于开普敦大学获得博物馆与遗产研究领域的研究生学历，于南非约翰内斯堡的威特沃特斯兰德大学获得文化遗产研究荣誉学士学位和文化人类学硕士学位；现为联合国教科文组织非洲跨国界世界遗产地科学委员会成员。

作为文化人类学家以及遗址管理者，祖鲁先生发起并开展了一系列文化遗产研究项目，并出版了多部聚焦非洲各地世界遗产地（包括莫西奥图尼亚/维多利亚瀑布世界遗产地）关键管理问题的著作。2016年，与人合著由非洲世界遗产基金会出版的《传统管理实践》。

祖鲁先生与联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会及其咨询机构，即国际文化财产保护与修复研究中心（ICCROM）、国际古迹遗址理事会（ICOMOS）和世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）密切合作，担任专家，并积极参与各项指定任务。

祖鲁先生一直热衷于在非洲大陆开展能力建设倡议，并多次组织相关会议和研讨会，向非洲各地世界遗产地的遗址管理者以及周边和内部的社区居民介绍当代遗产保护管理问题。

祖鲁先生出色的领导力和管理能力，在他有效管理世界著名遗产地——世界自然奇观之一、壮观的莫西奥图尼亚/维多利亚瀑布世界遗产地长达16年以上的时间里得到了充分证明。

Mr. John Zulu is currently working for the World Monument Fund, as the Project Manager for the Sub-Saharan Africa. He has been working in this organization for the past two years. Before transitioning to the World Monument Fund, Mr. Zulu worked as a Conservation Officer – Anthropology/Site Manager at the Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls Transboundary World Heritage Property under the National Heritage Conservation Commission, a statutory body charged with the responsibility to manage and conserve Zambia’s natural and cultural heritage.

Mr. Zulu obtained his post graduate qualifications in Museums and Heritage studies at the University of Cape Town, Bachelor’s Degree with Honours in Cultural Heritage Studies and Master’s Degree in Cultural Anthropology from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. John is a member of the UNESCO Scientific Committee of the Africa’s Transboundary World Heritage Properties.

As a Cultural Anthropologist/Site Manager, John initiated and undertook a number of cultural heritage research projects and has authored a number of publications focusing on critical management issues at World Heritage Properties across Africa including the Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls World Heritage Property. He co-edited the Traditional Management Practices book published in 2016 by the Africa World Heritage Fund.

Mr. Zulu works closely with the UNESCO World Heritage Committee including its Advisory bodies namely ICCROM, ICOMOS and IUCN as an expert. He has also participated in various Missions as assigned.

Mr. Zulu is and has been passionate in developing Capacity Building initiatives on the African continent. In line with the same, John has organized conferences and workshops addressing various issues aimed at enlightening Site Managers and communities living around and within World Heritage properties across Africa on contemporary conservation management issues.

Last but not the least, Mr. Zulu possesses a strong leadership and management skills which are evidenced by how he effectively managed the prestigious property, one of the Natural Wonders of the World, the Mighty Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls World Heritage Property for over 16years.

Du Xianfan, is the Chairholder of the UNESCO Chair for Living Heritage and Community Development, Professor of the Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology at Fudan University, Head of the Center for Land and Cultural Resources Research at Fudan University

复旦大学文物与博物馆学系

复旦大学国土与文化资源研究中心

复旦大学润物乡村知行社

UNESCO Chair for Living Heritage and Community Development, Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology at Fudan University, Center for Land and Cultural Resources Research at Fudan University, Fudan Run Wu Rural Mind

18:30-20:30

会议号Meeting ID: 950 8888 7122

密码Passcode: 022122

[英文讲座，线上AI翻译字幕；未经许可，禁止录屏。“非洲遗产”系列讲座由复旦大学国际合作与交流处双一流“全球发展战略推进项目”资助]

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