文献分享·第107期|护士心理负荷的影响因素：潜在剖面分析

文献分享 | Influencing factors associated with mental workload among nurses: A latent profile analysis

来源：International Journal of Nursing Sciences

DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2024.04.002

Abstract 

Objective：This study aimed to examine the latent profile of nurses' mental workload (MWL) and explore the influencing factors via a person-centred approach.

目的：本研究旨在通过以人为中心的方法，考察护士心理负荷( MWL )的潜在轮廓，并探讨其影响因素。

Methods：From March to July 2023, a quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate 526 Chinese clinical nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, by using demographic information, the Perceived Social Support Scale, Simplified Coping Skill Questionnaire, and NASA-Task Load Index. Latent profile analyses were performed using Mplus 7.3 software. Pearson’s chi-squared and logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS 24.0 software.Three profiles of mental workload were identified based on the nurses’ responses to the mental workload assessment, designated as “low MWL-high self-rated (n = 70, 13.3%)”, “moderate MWL (n = 273, 51.9%)”, and “high MWL-low self-rated (n = 183, 34.8%)”. Based on the analysis of the three subtypes, nurses with working years < 5 years (χ2 = 12.135, P < 0.05), no children (χ2 = 16.182, P < 0.01), monthly income < 6000 (χ2 = 55.231, P < 0.001), poor health status (χ2 = 39.658, P < 0.001), no psychological training in the past year (χ2 = 56.329, P < 0.001) and suffering from workplace violence (χ2 = 19.803, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with MWL.Moreover, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that negative coping styles (OR = 1.146, 95% CI: 1.060–1.238, P = 0.001) were accompanied by higher MWL while negatively associated with perceived social support (OR = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.900–0.955, P < 0.001).

方法：2023年3 - 7月，采用定量横断面研究方法，使用人口学资料、感知社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷、NASA -任务负荷指数对四川省5所三级甲等医院的526名中国临床护士进行调查。采用Mplus 7.3软件进行潜在剖面分析。采用SPSS 24.0软件进行Pearson ' s卡方和Logistic回归分析。

Results：Three profiles of mental workload were identified based on the nurses’ responses to the mental workload assessment, designated as “low MWL-high self-rated (n = 70, 13.3%)”, “moderate MWL (n = 273, 51.9%)”, and “high MWL-low self-rated (n = 183, 34.8%)”. Based on the analysis of the three subtypes, nurses with working years < 5 years (χ2 = 12.135, P < 0.05), no children (χ2 = 16.182, P < 0.01), monthly income < 6000 (χ2 = 55.231, P < 0.001), poor health status (χ2 = 39.658, P < 0.001), no psychological training in the past year (χ2 = 56.329, P < 0.001) and suffering from workplace violence (χ2 = 19.803, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with MWL.Moreover, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that negative coping styles (OR = 1.146, 95% CI: 1.060–1.238, P = 0.001) were accompanied by higher MWL while negatively associated with perceived social support (OR = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.900–0.955, P < 0.001).

结果：根据护士对心理负荷评估的反应，确定了3种心理负荷类型，分别命名为"低MWL -高自评( n = 70 , 13.3 %) "、"中等MWL - ( n = 273 , 51.9 %) "和"高MWL -低自评( n = 183 , 34.8 %) "。基于三个亚型分析，工作年限< 5年( χ2 = 12.135 , P < 0.05)、无子女( χ2 = 16.182 , P < 0.01)、月收入< 6000 ( χ2 = 55.231 , P < 0.001)、健康状况差( χ2 = 39.658 , P < 0.001)、近一年未接受过心理培训( χ2 = 56.329 , P < 0.001)、遭受过工作场所暴力( χ2 = 19.803 , P < 0.001)的护士与MWL显著相关。此外，多变量logistic回归分析显示，消极应对方式( OR = 1.146 , 95 % CI : 1.060 ~ 1.238 , P = 0.001)伴随着较高的MWL，而与感知社会支持( OR = 0.927 , 95 % CI : 0.900 ~ 0.955 , P < 0.001)呈负相关。

Conclusion：Our results showed that the MWL of nurses could be classified into three subtypes. Monthly income, health status, psychological training, workplace violence, negative coping style, and perceived social support were the factors influencing MWL. Managers can employ personalised intervention strategies according to the individual characteristics of different subgroups to reduce nurses’ MWL.

结论：我们的研究结果表明，护士的MWL可以分为三个亚型。月收入、健康状况、心理训练、工作场所暴力、消极应对方式、感知社会支持是MWL的影响因素。管理者可根据不同亚组的个体特征采取个性化干预策略，以降低护士MWL。

Keywords：Mental workload；Perceived social support；Coping styles；Influencing factor；Latent profile analysis；Nurses

关键词：心理负荷；感知社会支持；应对方式；影响因素；潜在剖面分析；护士

（译文仅供参考）