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多层次城市国土空间碳排放分配与评估框架——以兴安盟为例
陈乐琳 ‖Chen Lelin
土地利用碳排放强度是衡量自然和人类活动碳效应的综合指标，据此指标调节城市土地利用空间结构被证明是减少城市碳排放的有力工具。已有研究通过建立“清单-地类”碳排放分配框架计算土地利用类型碳排放强度，但不同空间尺度的研究在碳排放总量和土地分类精度方面无法衔接，阻碍各层次低碳规划发挥协同效应。本研究建立“市域-中心城市-城市片区”三层次碳排放空间分配和评估框架，以兴安盟为案例进行实证研究。研究发现，用地碳排放强度差异大，系统核算多层次用地碳排放强度提升了对碳排放空间格局的认知，支撑对土地利用规划方案碳效应更精细化的评估对比。不同类型用地碳排放强度可以分别反映城市能源结构、产业结构、城市形态等不同方面特征。其中，居住和交通用地碳排放强度城市间比较可以识别造成高碳排放的城市形态特征。本研究建立的框架是将碳定量方法融入国土空间五级三类四体系的重要技术框架，并通过实证数据验证了该框架在规划实践中的可行性。
It is proven a powerful tool to reduce carbon emissions by regulating urban land use structure. To leverage this tool, land-use carbon emission intensity (LUCEI) is the critical indicator to bridge carbon emissions effects of natural and human activities to land use structure. Some studies have established the carbon emission allocation framework of "carbon emission inventory – land use category” and use it to estimate the LUCEI. However, the total carbon emissions and the land use category at different territorial levels do not conform with each other, impeding the synergetic effects of the low-carbon planning at different territorial levels. This study establishes a framework of carbon emission estimation and allocation for the three territorial levels of municipality, city proper, and district and conducts a case study on Hinggan Prefecture. With the new framework, carbon emission intensity of the entire land use category is being systematically differentiated, enabled the clarification of the linkages between LUCEI and the characteristics of energy structure, industrial structure, and urban forms of cities. The comparison of LUCEI of residential and transportation land between cities identifies the characteristics of urban form that are apt to high carbon emissions. The biggest contribution of the framework established in this study provides a technical tool to introduce carbon emission quantification into the territorial and spatial planning system. It may help deepen the understanding about the spatial pattern of carbon emissions and support a more refined estimation and comparison of the carbon effects of land use planning schemes.
城市碳排放清单；用地碳排放强度；国土空间规划；城市形态
carbon emission inventory; land-use carbon emission intensity; territorial and spatial planning; urban form
图1 多层次碳排放分配逻辑框架
Figure 1 Logic of carbon emission estimation and allocation for multi-level territories
图2 碳排放分配的权重因子体系
Figure 2 The weighting factor system of carbon emission allocation for multi-level territories
图6 三层次碳排放空间格局
Figure 6 Spatial patterns of carbon emissions at three territorial levels (unit: tCO2/ha·year)
陈乐琳，清华大学建筑学院，城乡规划学硕士。
Chen Lelin, Master of Urban and Rural Planning, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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