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俄国对哈尔滨的早期城市规划（1898-1917年）——论殖民主义与铁路经济对近代新兴城市的影响Early Urban Planning of Harbin (1898 – 1917) by Russia: Impact of Colonialism and the Railway Economy on Emerging Cities in Modern Times
张博程, 王清恋, 赵志庆, 张欢‖Zhang Bocheng, Wang Qinglian, Zhao Zhiqing, Zhang Huan
哈尔滨由一个渔港村落快速演变为近代国际化都市而受到世界瞩目，是典型的近代新兴殖民城市。从城市规划史学的角度出发，选取1898-1917年之间的哈尔滨近代城市的形成及其城市规划为研究对象，探讨了哈尔滨近代早期城市发展的动因及其城市规划的历史分期和特点，剖析了该时期内城市规划与建设活动的演变。本文通过对哈尔滨发展历程中影响因素的分析，认为哈尔滨城市规划与建设活动和俄国政治、经济利益息息相关，同时也反映出以日俄为首的各国列强在满洲区域内的政治较量。
Harbin, a typical emerging colonial city in modern times, has drawn worldwide attention due to its quick transformation from a fishing village to a modern globalized metropolis. With Harbin and its urban planning from 1898 to 1917 as the subject of study from the perspective of planning historiography, this paper probes into the driving force behind Harbin’s early modern urban development, historical phasing and characteristics of its urban planning, as well as evolution of planning and construction activities during this period. The findings reveal that Harbin’s urban planning and construction activities were closely linked to Russia’s political and economic interests and also reflected the political game between the powers led by Japan and Russia in the Manchurian region.
城市规划史；近代城市化；铁路枢纽型城市；殖民主义；哈尔滨
history of urban planning; modern urbanization; railway hub city; colonialism; Harbin
Figure 1 The Master Plan of Songjiang City (План общего расположения поселка Сунгари) (1899)图1 松江城市总体规划（1899）
Figure 2 The Master Plan of Harbin New Urban Area (План новой планировки города Харбина) (1902)图2 哈尔滨新城区总体规划（1902）
Figure 3 The Master Plan of Harbin and Its Surrounding Areas (План Харбина к окрестностей) (1905)图3 哈尔滨城市及周边区域总体规划（1905）
Figure 8 The Master Plan of Harbin New Urban Area (План г. Харбина Новой) (1916)
Zhang Bocheng, Lecturer, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, P. R. China. Email: bocheng@usts.edu.cn张博程，苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院讲师。电子邮件：bocheng@usts.edu.cnWang Qinglian (corresponding author), Lecturer, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, P. R. China. Email: wangqinglian23@sina.com王清恋（通讯作者），苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院讲师。电子邮件：wangqinglian23@sina.comZhao Zhiqing, Professor, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China. Email: zhaozq88@126.com赵志庆，哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院教授。电子邮件：zhaozq88@126.comZhang Huan, Postgraduate Student, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China. Email: zhang_august@foxmail.com张欢，哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院研究生。电子邮件：zhang_august@foxmail.com
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