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人们为什么会抱怨?——利用“空间嵌入性”探究中国单位小区改造中的居民满意度
Understanding Why People Complain: Using Spatial Embeddedness to Explore Residents’ Satisfaction in China’s Danwei Neighborhood Renovation
在中国社会经济转型时期的背景下，考虑社区更新的行动和影响，以适应城市居民的新需求，变得越来越重要。基于格兰诺维特的经典“嵌入性”理论, 本文提出了一个概念框架，尝试通过“空间嵌入”去理解社区更新所带来的物质空间的变化，以探讨其如何在动态的时间、空间过程中对居民满意度产生影响。通过在西安某单位社区进行的为期六个月的田野调查，我们探究了居民个体在与社区更新互动过程中产生的真实感受是否存在差异、为何存在差异，以及这些感受是如何形成的。本研究借助“空间嵌入”以捕捉单位社区更新过程中时间、空间和社会要素的互动过程，有效推动了社区空间和嵌入性的关系概念化。这一概念不仅涵盖了多个视角和尺度，还反映了不同层次的居民满意度，并试图建立抽象空间和更新后的空间之间的联系。本文认为社区规划者应该在社区更新的实践过程中将“空间嵌入”纳入考虑，以应对社区更新过程中社区物质空间变化所引发的社会风险。
Against the backdrop of China’s socio-economic transition, there is a growing imperative to examine neighborhood renovation initiatives in addressing the emerging needs of residents. Developing Granovetter’s classic work on embeddedness, this paper proposes a conceptual framework of spatial embeddedness to understand changes in the physical space brought about by neighborhood renovation, in order to explore how it affects residents’ satisfaction in a dynamic temporal and spatial process. It presents whether and why residents’ real feelings produced from their interaction with neighborhood renovation are (un)different, and how their feelings are shaped based on six months of fieldwork in a danwei neighborhood in Xi’an, China. The paper conceptualizes the relationship between the neighborhood space and embeddedness by adopting spatial embeddedness to capture the interplay of temporal, spatial, and social factors in the process of danwei neighborhood renovation. This framework not only integrates multiple perspectives and scales, but also reflects different levels of residents’ satisfaction, trying to establish a connection between the abstract space and the renovation space. It suggests that spatial embeddedness should be considered as a response to the negative social impacts resulting from changes in the physical space in neighborhood renovation.
空间嵌入性；单位社区更新；居民满意度；抽象空间；中国
spatial embeddedness; danwei neighborhood renovation; residents’ satisfaction; abstract space; China
图1 研究框架（左）和单位社区更新中的空间嵌入维度（右）
Figure 1 The research framework (left) and the dimensions of spatial embeddedness in the danwei neighborhood renovation (right)
Figure 3 The external facade of building before and after renovation
图 4 社区公共空间的物质和社会要素的相对变化
Figure 4 The relative changes in the physical and social elements of neighborhood public space
李悦，长安大学建筑学院，讲师。Email：398783373@qq.com
Li Yue, Lecturer, School of Architecture, Chang’an University, Xi’an, P. R. China. Email: 398783373@qq.com
周佩玲， 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）城乡规划系，副教授。Email：lindaplzhou@gmail.com
Zhou Peiling, Associate Professor, Department of Urban and Rural Planning, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China. Email: lindaplzhou@gmail.com
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