Basilar Artery 基底动脉
The basilar artery is the main artery at the back portion of your brain. It carries oxygen-rich blood to your brainstem, cerebellum and occipital lobes. Several conditions can disrupt blood flow in the brain. Any blood flow disruption in the brain is an emergency.
基底动脉是大脑后部的主要动脉。它将富含氧气的血液输送到脑干、小脑和枕叶。有几种情况会扰乱大脑中的血液流动。大脑中的任何血液流动中断都是急诊。
Overview 概述
What is the basilar artery? 什么是基底动脉？
The basilar artery is a blood vessel at the back of your brain. It supplies oxygen-rich blood to portions of your brain and central nervous system.
基底动脉是大脑后部的一条血管。它为大脑和中枢神经系统的部分区域提供富含氧气的血液。
The basilar is the main artery that carries blood to the back portion of your brain. It forms where the blood vessels that extend through your spinal cord (vertebral arteries) come together. The basilar artery and all its branches are called the vertebrobasilar system.
基底动脉是将血液输送到大脑后部的主要动脉。它在穿过脊髓的血管（椎动脉）汇合处形成。基底动脉及其所有分支被称为椎基底动脉系统。
Function 功能
What does the basilar artery do? 基底动脉有什么作用？
The basilar artery carries oxygen-rich blood to the: 基底动脉将富含氧气的血液输送到：
Brainstem, which regulates functions such as heart rate, sleeping and breathing. 脑干，调节心率、睡眠和呼吸等功能。
Cerebellum, which controls voluntary functions such as movements, speech and balance. 小脑：控制运动、言语和平衡等自主功能。
Occipital lobes, which help your brain process what you see. 枕叶：帮助大脑处理你所看到的事物。
Anatomy 解剖学
Where is the basilar artery located? 基底动脉位于哪里？
The basilar artery is at the front of your brainstem. Your brainstem is the stalk-like portion of your brain that connects your brain and spinal cord.
基底动脉位于脑干的前方。脑干是大脑中连接大脑和脊髓的茎状部分。
What are the basilar artery branches? 基底动脉的分支
Your basilar artery has several branches: 基底动脉有几条分支：
Cerebellar arteries connect the basilar artery to the cerebellum. 小脑动脉将基底动脉与小脑连接起来。
Pontine arteries connect the basilar artery to the pons, a group of nerves in the brainstem that carries messages to different parts of your brain. 脑桥动脉将基底动脉与脑桥连接起来，脑桥是脑干中的一组神经，负责将信息传递到大脑的不同部位。
Posterior cerebral arteries connect the basilar artery to your occipital lobes and temporal lobes, which help you process sights and sounds. 后脑动脉将基底动脉与枕叶和颞叶连接起来，这些部位帮助你处理视觉和听觉信息。
Conditions and Disorders 疾患与障碍
What are the common conditions and disorders that affect the basilar artery? 影响基底动脉的常见疾患和障碍有哪些？
Several conditions may disrupt blood flow in the basilar artery, including: 基底动脉的血流可能会受到以下几种情况的干扰：
Aneurysm: A bulge in a blood vessel in your brain, which can lead to life-threatening bleeding if it ruptures. 动脉瘤：大脑血管内的鼓起，如果破裂会导致致命性出血。
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM): An irregular tangle of blood vessels that disrupts blood flow, mostly occurring in your brain or spinal cord. 动静脉畸形（AVM）：大脑或脊髓内紊乱的血管团，干扰血液流动。
Intracranial atherosclerosis: When a fatty substance called plaque builds up in your brain’s arteries, leading to narrowed or blocked arteries. 脑动脉粥样硬化：大脑动脉内一种名为“斑块”的脂肪物质积聚，导致动脉狭窄或阻塞。
Stroke: Life-threatening disruption in blood flow to your brain, often caused by a blockage, blood clot or ruptured aneurysm. 中风：对大脑血液流动的致命性干扰，通常由血块、血栓或破裂的动脉瘤引起。
Thrombus: An irregular clump of blood (blood clot) that forms in veins or arteries. 血栓：静脉或动脉内形成的不规则血块。
Transient ischemic attack (TIA): A temporary blockage in blood flow to the brain that causes stroke-like systems but doesn’t cause permanent damage. 短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）: 导致短暂性脑缺血的临时血流阻塞，但不会造成永久性损伤。
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency: Reduced or stopped blood flow in the back of your brain, increasing your risk of a TIA or stroke. 椎基底动脉供血不足：大脑后部的血流减少或停止，增加发生短暂性脑缺血发作或中风的风险。
What are the common signs or symptoms of problems with the basilar artery? 基底动脉出现问题的常见症状是什么？
Any disruption to blood flow in your brain is an emergency. Brain cells can die quickly without oxygen and other nutrients, leading to long-term brain damage.
大脑内的任何血液流动中断都是紧急情况。没有氧气和其它营养物质，脑细胞会迅速死亡，导致长期脑损伤。
Call 911 if you experience any symptoms of disrupted blood flow in your brain, including: 如果出现大脑血流中断的任何症状，请拨打 911，这些症状包括：
Balance problems or sudden loss of coordination. 平衡问题或突然失去协调能力；
Confusion or disorientation. 混乱或迷失方向；
Difficulty understanding others. 难以理解他人；
New or sudden vision loss. 新出现或突然的视力丧失；
Numbness or weakness in one arm, leg or one side of your face. 一只手臂、一条腿或脸部一侧麻木或无力；
Severe headaches. 严重头痛。
You also may experience nausea or vomiting, which typically are accompanied by one or more additional signs of disrupted blood flow to the brain.
你还可能会出现恶心或呕吐，通常还伴有一个或多个大脑血流中断的其他症状。
Care 护理
What simple lifestyle changes keep brain arteries healthy?
哪些简单的生活方式改变可以保持脑动脉健康？
You can keep your brain and basilar artery healthy by making lifestyle changes, such as: 你可以通过改变生活方式来保持大脑和基底动脉的健康，
Achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight for your age, sex and body type. 例如：根据你的年龄、性别和体型，达到并保持健康的体重；
Aiming to keep your total cholesterol under 240 mg/dL, though your doctor may recommend a lower target based on your personal risk factors. 目标是将总胆固醇保持在 240 毫克/分升以下，不过医生可能会根据你的个人风险因素建议更低的目标值；
Controlling your blood pressure by keeping it under 140/90 mmHg. 通过将血压保持在 140/90 毫米汞柱以下来控制血压；
Exercising regularly, incorporating both strength training and aerobic exercise. 定期锻炼，包括力量训练和有氧运动；
Managing any health conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, by following your healthcare provider’s treatment plan and taking all medications as prescribed. 通过遵循医疗保健提供者的治疗计划并按处方服用所有药物来管理任何健康状况，如糖尿病或心脏病；
Quitting smoking or using tobacco products. 戒烟或停止使用烟草制品。
A note from Cleveland Clinic 来自克利夫兰诊所的提示
The basilar artery is the main artery that supplies blood to the back portion of your brain. It carries oxygen-rich blood to your brainstem, cerebellum and occipital lobes. Several conditions, such as blood clots or aneurysms, can disrupt blood flow in your brain. If you experience any symptoms of these conditions, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency department right away.
基底动脉是为大脑后部供血的主要动脉。它将富含氧气的血液输送到脑干、小脑和枕叶。某些疾患，如血栓或动脉瘤，可能会扰乱大脑中的血流。如果你出现这些情况的任何症状，请立即拨打 911 或前往最近的急诊室。
