灵枢·血络论
Miraculous Pivot · Discourse on Blood Collaterals
黄帝曰：愿闻其奇邪而不在经者。The Yellow Emperor said, "I would like to hear about the strange pathogenic factors that do not reside in the regular meridians."
黄帝说：我想知道奇邪不在经脉的情况。
岐伯曰：血络是也。Qi Bo said, "It is the blood collaterals."
岐伯说：（奇邪侵入经脉之前，先留滞在络脉，引起络脉的瘀血，）这就是血络。
黄帝曰：“刺血络而仆者，何也？血出而射者，何也？血少黑而浊者，何也？The Yellow Emperor said, "Why does a person faint after pricking the blood collaterals? Why does the blood spurt out when it is bled? Why is the blood scanty, black, and turbid?
黄帝说：“有时针刺血络放血会使病人昏倒其原因是什么？有时针刺放血其出血呈喷射状是为什么？有时针刺放出的血量少，且色黑质浊是为什么？
血出清而半为汁者，何也？拔（别本作发）针而肿者，何也？血出若多若少而面色苍苍者，何也？Why is the blood that comes out clear and half of it like juice? Why does swelling occur after withdrawing (in some versions, 'pulling out') the needle? Why does the complexion turn pale when the amount of blood bled is either much or little?
有时血质清稀且其中一半像水液一样是为什么？有的拔针后局部肿起是为什么？有的无论出血量或多或少都出现面色苍白是为什么？
拔（别本作发）针而面色不变而烦悗者，何也？多出血而不动摇者，何也？愿闻其故。”Why does the complexion remain unchanged but there is restlessness and vexation after withdrawing (in some versions, 'pulling out') the needle? Why can one remain steady even after much blood is bled? I would like to hear the reasons for these."
有的拔针后面色不变但感觉心胸烦闷是为什么？有的虽然出血很多但病人没有任何不适是为什么？以上八种情况我想知道其中的道理。”
岐伯曰：“脉气盛而血虚者，刺之则脱气，脱气则仆。血气俱盛而阴气多者，其血滑，刺之则射。Qi Bo said, "When the qi in the meridians is abundant but the blood is deficient, pricking will cause the qi to be depleted. When the qi is depleted, one will faint. When both qi and blood are abundant and there is an excess of yin qi, the blood is slippery. When pricked, it will spurt out.
岐伯说：“经脉中气偏盛而血偏虚的，针刺络脉放血则脱气，气脱失会出现昏倒。经脉中气血俱盛而阴气较多的，血也流行滑疾，针刺络脉放血时血液就会喷射而出。
阳气蓄积，久留而不泻者，其血黑以浊，故不能射。When yang qi accumulates and remains for a long time without being purged, the blood is black and turbid, so it cannot spurt out.
阳气蓄积于络脉之内，停留已久而不能外泻，可导致血色黑暗而稠浊，所以血也就不会远射。
新饮而液渗于络，而未合和于血也，故血出而汁别焉。When one has just drunk and the fluid has seeped into the collaterals but has not yet blended with the blood, that's why the blood that comes out is separated from the juice.
刚刚饮过水而水渗入到血络中，尚未与血液完全混合，所以针刺放出的血中有水液夹杂。
其不新饮者，身中有水，久则为肿。For those who have not recently drunk, if there is water retention in the body, over time it will cause swelling.
那些不是由于刚饮过水的，由于体内原本有水液，因为水液停留日久，则蓄积形成水肿病。
阴气积于阳，其气因于络，故刺之血未出而气先行，故肿。When yin qi accumulates in the yang aspect and the qi is retained in the collaterals, that's why before the blood comes out after pricking, the qi moves first, resulting in swelling.
阴气积聚在阳分，已经渗入到络脉，所以在刺络脉时血还没有流出而气先流出，所以使局部肿起。
阴阳之气，其新相得而未和合，因而泻之，则阴阳俱脱，表里相离，故脱色而苍苍然。When the yin and yang qi have just come into contact but have not yet blended harmoniously, if purging is carried out at this time, both yin and yang will be depleted, the interior and exterior will be separated, so the complexion will lose its color and turn pale.
阴气和阳气刚刚相遇而尚未彼此协调，就针刺络脉放血使阴气、阳气同时外泻，就会阴气、阳气都虚，且表里失去联系，所以使面色无华而呈现苍白色。
刺之血出多，色不变而烦悗者，刺络而虚经，虚经之属于阴者，阴脱，故烦悗。When much blood comes out after pricking and the complexion remains unchanged but there is restlessness and vexation, it is because pricking the collaterals has weakened the regular meridians. When the meridians that belong to the yin aspect are weakened, yin qi is depleted, so there is restlessness and vexation.
针刺络脉出血过多，虽面色不变而心胸烦闷，是因为针刺络脉而使经脉空虚，空虚之经脉连接五脏之阴，阴脱，因此心中烦闷。
阴阳相得而合为痹者，此为内溢于经，外注于络，如是者，阴阳俱有余，虽多出血而弗能虚也。”When yin and yang qi blend and form bi-syndrome, this means that the condition is one of internal overflow into the meridians and external infusion into the collaterals. In such cases, both yin and yang are in excess, so even if much blood is bled, it cannot cause deficiency."
阴阳的邪气结合在一起而形成痹症，邪气在内充溢于经脉，在外渗注于络脉，像这种情况，阴阳都是邪气有余，针刺放血时出血虽多一些，也不会感觉虚脱。”
黄帝曰：相之奈何？The Yellow Emperor said, "How should one examine it?"
黄帝说：怎样来观察血络呢？
岐伯曰：血脉者，盛坚，横以赤 ，上下无常处，小者如针，大者如筋，则而泻之万全也，故无失数矣。失数而反，各如其度。Qi Bo said, "For the blood vessels, if they are full and firm, transverse and red, with no fixed location up and down, being as small as a needle or as large as a tendon, then pricking and purging them will be completely safe. So there will be no deviation from the proper method. If the proper method is deviated from, each situation will revert to its original state according to its own degree."
岐伯说：血脉中邪气亢盛的，血络大而坚硬、充盈于皮下而色红，上下没有固定部位，小的像针，大的像筷子一样粗细，遇到这种情况，施用泻法针刺络脉放血是安全的，但要注意在施治时，切不可违背治疗的常规。如果不按常规要求，非但没有疗效，还会出现上述那些已见的不良症状。
黄帝曰：针入而肉着者，何也？The Yellow Emperor said, "Why does the needle seem to stick to the flesh when it is inserted?"
黄帝说：进针以后，往往有肌肉紧紧地裹住针身的情况，这是为什么呢？
岐伯曰：热气因于针，则针热，热则内着于针，故坚焉。Qi Bo said: "When the heat is applied to the needle, the needle becomes hot. When the needle is hot, it adheres to the interior, hence it becomes firm."
岐伯说：这是由于体内热气作用于针体，使针体随之而热，针体热则导致肌肉与针粘附在一起，所以出现针在肌肉中坚固而不能转动。
