β-葡聚糖增强免疫力
β-葡聚糖是附着在真菌、细菌和燕麦等全谷物壁内的多糖。蘑菇中β-葡聚糖含量特别高，也可从酵母中分离出来。
它们有助于维持免疫健康，增强对病毒和其他病原体的防御能力。[13-15]
临床前研究还表明，它们可以降低内毒素（引起炎症的细菌感染产生的有害副产物）的影响。[16,17]
免疫反应有两种类型：先天性和适应性。[18,19]先天 免疫是人体的第一道防线。巨噬细胞吞噬并中和病毒和其他病原体，而自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞则瞄准并摧毁癌变或被病毒和其他病原体感染的不健康细胞。
适应性免疫是一种更具体、更有针对性的反应，在接触特定病原体后产生，并提供长期保护。这种反应由T 细胞和B 细胞驱动。
β-葡聚糖可激活和刺激先天免疫和适应性免疫。[10,20,21]
随着年龄的增长，我们的免疫系统会变弱，失去抵抗感染和癌症的能力，这种情况称为免疫衰老。
动物研究表明，摄入β-葡聚糖可以预防甚至逆转免疫衰老。[20,22]
更新这些免疫反应对老年人来说尤为重要。
具有最大益处的蘑菇
蘑菇含有有益健康的化合物，包括吲哚、多酚和类胡萝卜素。
β-葡聚糖是蘑菇中发现的具有生物活性的免疫支持化合物之一。[23]
有数千种蘑菇对健康有益。[24]已发现三种具有特别强的免疫作用的蘑菇是：香菇，舞茸和白桦茸。
香菇
香菇长期以来一直被用于传统中药。
在严重细菌性肺部感染的动物模型中，香菇中的β-葡聚糖显著减少了肺部的细菌负荷并改善了健康状况。[25]
细胞研究表明，香菇可以灭活病毒并下调病毒复制。[26,27]
临床研究表明，这些增强免疫力的效果可能是由于香菇能够增加免疫系统细胞的数量，包括 T 细胞和 NK 细胞。[10]
香菇还能减少有害慢性炎症的标志物，并刺激保护肠道的抗体的分泌。[10]
舞茸
舞茸经常用于亚洲美食，也能提供强大的免疫益处。
在动物研究中，舞茸提取物显著增加了NK 细胞和细菌消除能力。[28,29]与香菇提取物混合时，这种效果更加明显。[29]
舞茸提取物还能促进干扰素γ（IFN-γ）的分泌，干扰素γ是一种能阻止病毒复制的蛋白质。[29]
白桦茸
白桦茸原产于寒冷气候区，通常生长在桦树上。它们是免疫调节剂，临床前研究表明，白桦茸提取物具有抗病毒活性。[30]
在一项针对免疫功能低下的小鼠的研究中，白桦茸提取物使免疫细胞恢复到接近正常水平，并调节炎症标志物肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α)的水平，这表明白桦茸提取物可以预防过度炎症。[31]
在临床前研究中，白桦茸提取物还表现出对抗多种病毒的有益活性。[12,30,32]
防御传染病
研究表明，β-葡聚糖有助于预防和治疗细菌、病毒和寄生虫感染。[33-35]在多项安慰剂对照的人体试验中，参与者被随机分配接受β-葡聚糖或安慰剂。这些试验每天至少使用250 毫克β-葡聚糖。
β-葡聚糖组的参与者有：[5-8,36,37]
减少上呼吸道感染，包括感冒和流感， 症状持续时间缩短， 减少工作日损失， 循环干扰素增加，以及 更高水平的唾液抗体，可抵御呼吸道和消化道病原体。
蘑菇对免疫系统的益处
蘑菇在传统医学中有着数千年的使用历史。
真菌，包括蘑菇和酵母，富含多种具有免疫支持功效的活性化合物，包括β-葡聚糖。
在人体试验中，服用β-葡聚糖可以减少上呼吸道感染（包括感冒和流感）的次数和持续时间，并缓解季节性过敏症状。
在一项观察性研究的荟萃分析中，吃蘑菇最多的人患癌症的风险比不吃蘑菇的人低 34% 。
将β-葡聚糖与具有免疫力支持的香菇、舞茸和白桦茸提取物相结合，可以增强免疫系统抵抗感染和其他疾病的能力。
更好的肠道健康
抗击癌症
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