Gave Kids
Jack and Annie crept to the cave and peeked inside.A small flame danced from a bed of glowing coals.Near the fire were knives,axes,and hollowed-out stones.
Animal skins were neatly stacked against the wall."People must live here,"said Annie.
"Maybe it's the home of the Cro-Magnons we saw,"said Jack,looking around.
"Let's go inside and get warm,"said Annie.
Jack and Annie moved quickly to the fire and warmed their hands.
Their shadows danced on the stone walls.
Jack pulled out his Ice Age book.He found a picture of a cave.He read:
Cro-Magnons made many things from animals,plants,and stone.They made flute-like musical instruments from mammoth bones.They made ropes by braiding plant fibers.They made axes and knives from stone.
Jack pulled out his notebook and pencil.He started a list:
Cro-Moonons made:bone flutes, plant ropes, stone axes and knives
"Ta-da!"said Annie.
Jack looked up.Annie was wearing a coat.
It had a hood and long sleeves.It went all the way down to her sneakers.
"Where did you get that?"said Jack.
"From that pile of furry skins,"said Annie,pointing.“These must be their clothes.Maybe they're being mended."
She picked up another coat and handed it to Jack."Try one.It's really warm,"she said.
Jack put his backpack and towel down on the harddirt floor.He slipped on the coat.
It did feel very warm—and soft."We look like cave kids,"said Annie.
Squeak.Peanut peeked out of Jack's pack lying on the floor.
"You stay in there,"said Annie."There's no teenycoat for you."
Peanut vanished back into the pack."I wonder how they made these coats,"said Jack.
He turned the pages in the book until he found a picture of Cro-Magnon women sewing.He read:
Cro-Magnons scraped reindeer skins with flint rocks to make them soft.They used bone needles to sew the skins together for clothing.
Jack added to his list:
reindeer-skin clothes
"I hope the cave people won't mind if we borrow their coats,"said Jack.
"Maybe we should give them our towels,"said Annie."To thank them."
"Good idea.""And my goggles,too,"said Annie.
They left their gifts on top of the rest of the animalskins.
"Let's explore the cave before they come home,"saidJack.
“It's too dark in the back,"said Annie."We won't be able to see anything."
"I'll find out how Cro-Magnons saw in the dark,"said Jack.
He opened the Ice Age book.He found a picture of cave people holding odd-looking lamps.He read aloud to Annie:
Cro-Magnons made stone lamps.They hollowed out a rock,filled it with animal fat,then burned awick made from moss.
"There!"said Annie.She pointed to two stones near the fire.In the hollow of each was gooey white stuff and a pile of moss.
"We have to be careful,"said Jack.
He picked up one stone.It was smaller than a soupbowl,but much heavier.
Jack held the stone close to the fire and lit the piece of moss.
He lit another lamp and gave it to Annie."Carry it with two hands,"he said.
"I know,"she said.
Jack tucked the book under his arm.He and Annie carried their stone lamps to the back of the cave.
"Hey,I wonder where this goes,"said Annie.She held her lamp up to an opening in the wall.
"I'll check in the book,"said Jack.
He put down his lamp and flipped through the Ice Age book.
"I think it's a tunnel,"she said."Be right back.""Wait a second,"said Jack.
Too late—she had squeezed into the opening and was gone.
"Oh brother,"said Jack,sighing.
He closed his book and peeked into the opening."Come back here!"he said.
"No!You come here!"said Annie.Her voice sounded far away."You won't believe this!"
Jack picked up his lamp and book.He ducked into a small tunnel.
"Wow!"came Annie's voice.
Jack could see her lamp flickering at the other end.
Crouching clown,he hurried toward her.At the end of the tunnel was a huge cavern with a high ceiling.
Annie held her lamp close to the wall."Look,"she said.Her voice echoed.
Animals were painted on the wall in strokes of red and black and yellow.
There were cave bears and lions,elk and reindeer,bison and woolly rhinos and mammoths.
In the flickering light,the prehistoric beasts looked alive.
Gave：“give”的过去式，意为“给；给予”。
crept是动词“creep”的过去式和过去分词形式，常见释义为“悄悄地缓慢行进；蹑手蹑脚地走；爬行；匍匐”。例如：
The cat crept silently towards the mouse.（猫悄悄地朝老鼠爬过去。）
She crept into the room so as not to wake anyone.（她蹑手蹑脚地走进房间，以免吵醒任何人。）
cave
- 名词：意为“洞穴；山洞”，例如：
- The explorers found a mysterious cave in the mountains.（探险家们在山里发现了一个神秘的洞穴。）
- Bears often hibernate in caves during winter.（熊在冬天常常在洞穴里冬眠。）
peeked out
“peek”是动词，意为“窥视；偷看；瞥一眼”，“peeked out”则表示“探出头来；向外偷看”，例如：
- The little rabbit peeked out from behind the bush.（小兔子从灌木丛后面探出头来。）
- She peeked out of the window to see if anyone was coming.（她从窗户向外偷看，看是否有人过来。）
lying on
“lie”作动词有“躺；位于；说谎”等意思，“lying”是其现在分词形式，“lying on”表示“躺在……上；位于……上”，例如：
- There is a book lying on the table.（桌子上放着一本书。）
- The cat is lying on the mat, enjoying the sunshine.（猫躺在垫子上，享受着阳光。）
teenycoat
这是一个合成词，由“teeny”（极小的，微小的）和“coat”（外套）组成，意思是“极小的外套”，例如：
- The doll looks so cute with its teenycoat.（那个玩偶穿着它极小的外套看起来好可爱。）
vanished back意思是“又消失了；缩回去；退回去（消失不见）”。例如：
The little mouse vanished back into its hole when it heard the noise.（那只小老鼠听到动静后就又缩回到洞里消失不见了。）
wonder
- 动词：常见意思为“想知道；对……感到好奇；纳闷”，例如：
- I wonder what time it is.（我想知道现在几点了。）
- She wondered why he didn't come to the party.（她纳闷他为什么没来参加聚会。）
- 名词：意为“惊奇；奇迹；奇观”，例如：
- The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.（长城是世界奇观之一。）
- The children watched the magic show with wonder in their eyes.（孩子们带着惊奇的眼神观看魔术表演。）
cro-magnon
- 名词：“克罗马农人”，指旧石器时代晚期在欧洲的高加索人种，常常用复数形式“Cro-Magnons”，例如：The Cro-Magnons were known for their advanced tool-making skills.（克罗马农人以其先进的工具制作技艺而闻名。）
sewing
- 名词：“缝纫；缝制”，指用针线把布料等缝在一起的活动，例如：She is good at sewing and often makes clothes by herself.（她擅长缝纫，经常自己做衣服。）
- 动词“sew”的动名词形式：例如：Sewing is a useful skill in daily life.（缝纫在日常生活中是一项有用的技能。）
scraped
- 动词“scrape”的过去式及过去分词形式：“scrape”常见意思为“刮；擦；刮掉；削去”等，例如：
- He scraped the mud off his shoes.（他把鞋子上的泥巴刮掉了。）
- She scraped the paint from the wall.（她把墙上的漆刮掉了。）
reindeer
- 名词：“驯鹿”，单复数同形，例如：Reindeer are often associated with Christmas in Western culture.（在西方文化中，驯鹿常与圣诞节联系在一起。）
- Santa Claus's sleigh is pulled by reindeer.（圣诞老人的雪橇是由驯鹿拉着的。）
flint rocks：“flint”指“燧石；打火石”，“rocks”是“rock”的复数形式，意为“岩石；石块”，合起来“flint rocks”就是“燧石；打火石”的意思，例如：The ancient people used flint rocks to make fire.（古代人用燧石来生火。）
needles
- 名词“needle”的复数形式：“needle”常见意思为“针；缝衣针；指针；注射针”等，例如：
- She threaded the wool through the eye of the needle.（她把毛线穿过针眼。）
- The doctor used a needle to give the injection.（医生用针进行注射。）
reindeer-skin
- 名词：“驯鹿皮”，例如：The reindeer-skin coat looks very warm.（那件驯鹿皮外套看上去很暖和。）
mind
- 动词：常见意思有“介意；在乎；关心；注意；照料”等，例如：
- Do you mind if I open the window?（我打开窗户你介意吗？）
- She doesn't mind the noise at all.（她一点都不在乎那噪音。）
- Mind your step!（注意脚下！）
- 名词：“头脑；心思；想法；智力”等，例如：He has a sharp mind.（他头脑敏锐。）
borrow
- 动词：意为“借；借用；借入”，常与介词“from”搭配，例如：
- Can I borrow your pen?（我能借你的钢笔用一下吗？）
- He borrowed a book from the library.（他从图书馆借了一本书。）
towels
- 名词“towel”的复数形式：“毛巾；手巾”，例如：We need to buy some new towels.（我们需要买几条新毛巾。）
goggles
- 名词：常用复数形式，指“护目镜；风镜”，例如：You should wear goggles when you swim.（你游泳的时候应该戴护目镜。）
- Skiers usually wear goggles to protect their eyes.（滑雪者通常戴护目镜来保护眼睛。）
gifts
- 名词“gift”的复数形式：“礼物；赠品”，例如：He received many gifts on his birthday.（他生日那天收到了很多礼物。）
animalskins
- 名词：“兽皮”，例如：The hunters sold the animalskins in the market.（猎人们在市场上售卖兽皮。）
explore
- 动词：意思是“探索；探险；探究；考察”，例如：
- They plan to explore the deep forest next month.（他们计划下个月去探索那片幽深的森林。）
- Scientists are always trying to explore new knowledge.（科学家们总是努力探究新知识。）
cave
- 名词：指“洞穴；山洞”，例如：
- The kids found a small cave near the river.（孩子们在河边发现了一个小洞穴。）
- Bears often hibernate in caves during winter.（熊在冬天常常在洞穴里冬眠。）
holding
- 动词“hold”的现在分词形式：“hold”有“拿着；握住；举行；容纳；持有（观点等）”等意思，“holding”常表示“正拿着；正握住；保持（某种状态）”等，例如：
- The girl is holding a flower in her hand.（女孩手里正拿着一朵花。）
- He stood there holding his breath.（他站在那儿屏住呼吸。）
odd-looking
- 形容词：是复合形容词，意为“样子古怪的；模样奇特的”，用来形容事物外观看起来很奇怪、与众不同，例如：
- There is an odd-looking machine in the corner.（角落里有一台模样古怪的机器。）
- The odd-looking animal attracted everyone's attention.（那只模样奇特的动物吸引了所有人的注意。）
lamps
- 名词“lamp”的复数形式：“lamp”表示“灯；台灯；油灯”等，例如：
- There are several lamps on the table.（桌子上有几盏灯。）
- She turned on the lamps when it got dark.（天黑后她打开了灯。）
Cro-Magnons
- 名词：“克罗马农人”，是旧石器时代晚期在欧洲的高加索人种，常用复数形式，例如：The Cro-Magnons were very skilled at making tools.（克罗马农人很擅长制作工具。）
hollowed
- 动词“hollow”的过去式及过去分词形式：“hollow”作动词时意为“挖空；使成凹形；掏空”，例如：
- They hollowed out the tree trunk to make a canoe.（他们掏空树干做了一艘独木舟。）
- The workers hollowed the ground to build a basement.（工人们挖空地面来建造地下室。）
rock
- 名词：常见意思为“岩石；石块；礁石”，例如：
- The climber climbed up the steep rock.（登山者爬上了陡峭的岩石。）
- There are many beautiful rocks on the beach.（海滩上有很多漂亮的石块。）
- 动词：意为“摇动；摇晃；使震惊”，例如：
- The earthquake rocked the city.（地震使这座城市摇晃起来。）
- The news of his death rocked the whole community.（他去世的消息震惊了整个社区。）
fat
- 名词：“脂肪；肥肉”，例如：
- Eating too much fat is bad for your health.（吃太多脂肪对你的健康不利。）
- The butcher trimmed the fat from the meat.（屠夫把肉上的肥肉切掉了。）
- 形容词：“肥胖的；肥的；多脂肪的”，例如：
- That fat cat looks so lazy.（那只肥猫看上去好懒。）
- A fat wallet means you have a lot of money.（鼓鼓的钱包意味着你有很多钱。）
burned
- 动词“burn”的过去式及过去分词形式：“burn”常见意思为“燃烧；烧毁；烧伤；发烫”等，例如：
- The fire burned brightly in the fireplace.（炉火在壁炉里熊熊燃烧。）
- The house was burned down by the fire.（房子被大火烧毁了。）
- She burned her hand on the hot stove.（她的手被热炉子烫伤了。）
wick
- 名词：“灯芯；烛芯”，例如：The wick of the candle is too short.（这根蜡烛的烛芯太短了。）
- You need to trim the wick before lighting the lamp.（在点灯之前你需要修剪一下灯芯。）
moss
- 名词：“苔藓；地衣”，例如：The old walls were covered with moss.（古老的墙壁上长满了苔藓。）
- Moss grows in damp and shady places.（苔藓生长在潮湿阴暗的地方。）
hollow
- 名词：意为“洞；凹陷处；山谷”，例如：The bird made its nest in the hollow of the tree.（鸟儿在树的凹陷处筑巢。）
- 形容词：“中空的；空心的；凹陷的”，例如：A hollow tube is often used in this experiment.（在这个实验中经常会用到空心管。）
gooey
- 形容词：表示“黏糊糊的；软而黏的；甜腻的”，常用来形容食物、物质等具有黏性的状态，例如：The chocolate cake was gooey and delicious.（这块巧克力蛋糕黏糊糊的，很好吃。）
- There was some gooey substance on the floor that was hard to clean.（地上有一些黏糊糊的东西，很难清理。）
stuff
- 名词：泛指“东西；物品；材料；素材”等，是不可数名词，例如：
- What's all this stuff on the table?（桌子上这些都是什么东西呀？）
- I need some stuff to make a kite.（我需要一些做风筝的材料。）
- 动词：意为“填满；装满；塞进；让……吃饱”，例如：
- She stuffed the pillow with cotton.（她用棉花填充枕头。）
- Don't stuff yourself with too much food at dinner.（晚饭别吃得太饱。）
pile
- 名词：指“堆；大量；建筑群”等，例如：
- There is a pile of books on the floor.（地上有一堆书。）
- I have piles of work to do this week.（我这周有大量的工作要做。）
- 动词：表示“堆积；累积；堆放”，例如：
- Workers piled the bricks neatly at the construction site.（工人们在建筑工地上把砖头整齐地堆放好。）
- She piled the clothes in the corner of the room.（她把衣服堆放在房间的角落里。）
soupbowl
- 名词：“汤碗”，例如：He put the soup in the soupbowl and brought it to the table.（他把汤盛到汤碗里，然后端到桌子上。）
heavier
- 形容词比较级：是“heavy”（重的；沉的；大量的；沉重的）的比较级形式，意为“更重的；更沉的；更大量的；更沉重的”，例如：
- This box is heavier than that one.（这个盒子比那个更重。）
- The rain is getting heavier. We should go inside.（雨下得越来越大了，我们应该进到屋里去。）
lit
- 动词“light”的过去式及过去分词形式：“light”作动词时有“点燃；照亮；使发光；点着（烟等）”等意思，例如：
- He lit a candle to brighten the room.（他点燃了一支蜡烛照亮房间。）
- She lit her cigarette and took a deep puff.（她点燃香烟，深深地吸了一口。）
tucked
- 动词“tuck”的过去式及过去分词形式：“tuck”常见意思为“把……塞进；把……夹入；卷起；挽起；使……蜷缩”等，例如：
- She tucked her hair behind her ears.（她把头发别到耳后。）
- He tucked his shirt into his pants.（他把衬衫塞进裤子里。）
- The mother tucked the baby in bed.（妈妈把宝宝在床上安顿好，给宝宝盖好被子等。）
lamp
- 名词：意为“灯；台灯；油灯”等，例如：
- There is a beautiful lamp on the bedside table.（床头柜上有一盏漂亮的台灯。）
- The old lamp gives off a warm glow.（那盏旧油灯发出温暖的光。）
flipped
- 动词“flip”的过去式及过去分词形式：“flip”常见意思有“快速翻动；（使）翻转；轻弹；按（开关）；突然改变（情绪、态度等）”等，例如：
- She flipped through the magazine quickly.（她快速地翻阅杂志。）
- He flipped the coin to see who would go first.（他抛硬币来决定谁先开始。）
- The wind flipped the pages of the book.（风把书页吹得翻了起来。）
- Just flip the switch and the light will come on.（只要按一下开关，灯就会亮。）
- His mood flipped from happy to sad in an instant.（他的情绪瞬间从高兴变为悲伤。）
tunnel常见词性为名词和动词，具体含义如下：
名词
表示“隧道；地道；坑道”等，例如：
- The train went through a long tunnel.（火车穿过了一条长长的隧道。）
- They dug a tunnel under the mountain.（他们在山下挖了一条地道。）
动词
意为“挖隧道；开凿隧道”，例如：
- Workers are tunneling through the hard rock.（工人们正在坚硬的岩石中开凿隧道。）
- They plan to tunnel under the river.（他们计划在河下挖隧道。）
ducked
- 动词“duck”的过去式及过去分词形式：“duck”常见的意思有“低下头，弯下身（以免被打中或看见）；躲避；回避；迅速行进，飞快行走（以免被看见）”等，在这里“ducked into”表示“弯腰钻进；迅速进入（某个较狭小的空间）”。例如：
- She ducked her head to avoid being hit by the ball.（她低下头以免被球击中。）
- He ducked into the alley to get away from the crowd.（他迅速钻进小巷以躲开人群。）
flickering
- 动词“flicker”的现在分词形式：“flicker”作动词时意思是“闪烁；摇曳；忽隐忽现；颤动”，常用来描述灯光、火焰等不稳定地发光、闪动的状态，在这里“lamp flickering”就是“灯在闪烁”的意思。例如：
- The candlelight was flickering in the breeze.（烛光在微风中摇曳闪烁。）
- The old TV screen was flickering and it was hard to watch clearly.（那台旧电视屏幕闪烁不定，很难看清楚。）
crouching
- 形容词：“蹲着的；蜷缩的；弓着身子的”，是动词“crouch”的现在分词形式转化而来，常用来描述人或动物处于弯腰、下蹲的姿势，例如：The crouching cat was ready to pounce on the mouse.（那只弓着身子的猫准备扑向老鼠了。）
clown
- 名词：“小丑；丑角”，例如：The clown at the circus made everyone laugh with his funny tricks.（马戏团里的小丑用他滑稽的把戏逗得大家哈哈大笑。）
cavern
- 名词：“洞穴；大山洞”，强调空间比较大、内部较幽深的洞穴，例如：They explored a dark and mysterious cavern deep in the mountains.（他们探索了深山里一个又黑又神秘的洞穴。）
ceiling
- 名词：“天花板；顶棚；上限”，例如：The room has a very high ceiling, which makes it feel spacious.（这个房间的天花板很高，这让房间感觉很宽敞。）
- There's a price ceiling on this product to protect consumers.（这种产品有价格上限，以此来保护消费者。）
echoed
- 动词“echo”的过去式及过去分词形式：“echo”作动词时意为“回响；回荡；发出回声；重复；附和”，例如：
- Her laughter echoed through the empty hall.（她的笑声在空荡荡的大厅里回荡。）
- The politician's words were echoed by many people.（那位政治家的话得到了很多人的附和。）
strokes
- 名词“stroke”的复数形式：“stroke”有多种意思，在这里表示“笔画；笔触；一笔；一画”，例如：The artist painted the beautiful landscape with bold strokes.（画家以豪放的笔触描绘了那幅美丽的风景画。）
- Each stroke of the brush added more life to the painting.（画笔的每一笔都让这幅画更具生气。）
lions
- 名词“lion”的复数形式：“狮子”，例如：Lions are known as the king of the jungle.（狮子被称为丛林之王。）
elk
- 名词：“麋鹿；驼鹿”，例如：The elk is a large and graceful animal.（麋鹿是一种体型庞大且优雅的动物。）
reindeer
- 名词：“驯鹿”，单复数同形，例如：Reindeer are often associated with Christmas in Western culture.（在西方文化中，驯鹿常与圣诞节联系在一起。）
bison
- 名词：“野牛”，例如：The bison used to roam freely on the prairie.（野牛过去曾在大草原上自由地漫步。）
woolly
- 形容词：“毛茸茸的；长满羊毛的；模糊的；不清楚的”，例如：The woolly puppy looks so cute.（那只毛茸茸的小狗看上去好可爱。）
- I have only a woolly idea of what he's planning.（对于他的计划我只有个模糊的概念。）
rhinos
- 名词“rhino”的复数形式：“犀牛”，例如：Rhinos are in danger of extinction due to illegal hunting.（由于非法捕猎，犀牛面临着灭绝的危险。）
mammoths
- 名词“mammoth”的复数形式：“猛犸象”，例如：Mammoths were huge animals that lived during the Ice Age.（猛犸象是生活在冰河时代的巨型动物。）
prehistoric
- 形容词：“史前的；远古的”，常用来形容在有文字记载历史之前的时期、事物等，例如：Prehistoric people lived in caves and hunted for food.（史前人类居住在洞穴里，靠打猎获取食物。）
beasts
- 名词“beast”的复数形式：“野兽；动物；凶残的人”，例如：The forest is full of wild beasts.（森林里到处都是野兽。）
- He turned into a real beast when he lost his temper.（他发脾气的时候就变成了一个十足的凶残之人。）
