图2 (A)甜橙、葡萄柚、柑橘和柠檬精油的外观(CEO, F1和F2分别代表粗精油,馏分1和2)。(B)柑橘主要成分的化学结构。(C)甜橙(SO)、葡萄柚(GF)、柑桔(MA)和柠檬(LE)的粗EOs和馏分1和2中含氧组分的百分比。(D)各成分对分数1和分数2之差的贡献分数。
图3 (A)柑橘EOs样本的主成分分析(PCA)得分图;(B)柑橘EOs样品两组分的正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)评分图。每个点代表一个单独的EOs样本。在加载图中标记了组合物。
柑橘类精油样品物理性质和香气特征的差异
图4 SO, GF, MA和LE的粗精油(CEOs)和馏分1 (F1)和2 (F2)的(A)颜色,比度,(B)旋光度,(C) 90%乙醇溶解度,(D)粘度,(E)密度,(F)折射率,(G)表面张力。(H)原油EOs和MA油馏分1和2的电子鼻分析(PCA)。(1) SO、GF、MA和LE组分2的电子鼻分析。
图5 (A)粗精油(CEO)的脱脂能力(玉米油和机器油)和馏分1 (F1)和2 (F2)的SO, GF, MA和LE。(B)姜黄素、β-胡萝卜素和胭脂红在柑橘EO样品中的溶解度。Ctrl表示对照组,包括95%乙醇、丙酮和正己烷。
柑橘类精油的抑菌活性研究
图6 柑桔精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、副溶血性弧菌和白色念珠菌的抑制作用(SOC,甜橙原油;SOF1,甜橙油馏分1;SOF2,甜橙油馏分2;GFC,葡萄柚原油;GFF1,葡萄柚油馏分1;GFF2,葡萄柚油馏分2;MAC,柑桔原油;MAF1,柑桔油馏分1;MAF2,柑桔油分数2;LEC,柠檬原油;LEF1,柠檬油馏分1;LEF2,柠檬油馏分2;PM,阳性药物)。
表3 柑橘精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、副溶血性弧菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌带直径和最低抑菌浓度。
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