资治通鉴·汉纪一 3:鸿门宴

文摘   2024-11-12 12:49   重庆  

于是项伯复夜去,至军中,具以沛公言报项羽,因言曰:So Xiang Bo left again at night, returned to the army, and reported Liu Bang's words to Xiang Yu in full, and then said,

“沛公不先破关中,公岂敢入乎!今人有大功而击之,不义也。不如因善遇之。”"If Liu Bang hadn't broken through Guanzhong first, would you dare to enter? Now that he has made great contributions, it would be unrighteous to attack him. It would be better to treat him kindly."

项羽许诺。Xiang Yu promised.

沛公旦日从百馀骑来见项羽鸿门,谢曰:The next day, Liu Bang followed more than a hundred horsemen to meet Xiang Yu at Hongmen and apologized, saying,

“臣与将军戮力而攻秦,将军战河北,臣战河南。"I joined forces with the general to attack Qin. The general fought in Hebei, and I fought in Henan.

不自意能先入关破秦,得复见将军于此。I didn't expect that I could enter the Pass first and defeat Qin, and be able to meet the general here again.

今者有小人之言,令将军与臣有隙。”Now there are some malicious words of some villains, which have caused a rift between the general and me."

项羽曰:“此沛公左司马曹无伤言之,不然,籍何以生此!Xiang Yu said, "It was Liu Bang's left marshal Cao Wushang who said this. Otherwise, how could I have such an idea!"

项羽因留沛公与饮。范增数目项羽,举所佩玉玦以示之者三。项羽默然不应。Xiang Yu then kept Liu Bang to drink with him. Fan Zeng repeatedly gave Xiang Yu meaningful looks and raised the jade pendant he wore three times to signal him. Xiang Yu remained silent and didn't respond.

范增起,出,召项庄,谓曰:Fan Zeng got up, went out, summoned Xiang Zhuang, and said:

“君王为人不忍。若入前为寿,寿毕,以剑舞,因击沛公于坐,杀之。不者,若属皆且为所虏!”"The king is too kind-hearted. If you enter to toast him, after toasting, dance with your sword and strike Liu Bang while he is sitting and kill him. Otherwise, all of you will be captured!"

庄则入为寿,寿毕,曰:“军中无以为乐,请以剑舞。”Xiang Zhuang then entered to toast, and after toasting, he said, "There is no entertainment in the army. Please allow me to dance with my sword."

项羽曰:“诺。”Xiang Yu said, "Yes."

项庄拔剑起舞。项伯亦拔剑起舞,常以身翼蔽沛公,庄不得击。Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and began to dance. Xiang Bo also drew his sword and began to dance, often shielding Liu Bang with his body, so that Xiang Zhuang couldn't strike him.

于是张良至军门见樊哙。哙曰:“今日之事何如?”At that time, Zhang Liang went to the gate of the army to see Fan Kuai. Fan Kuai said, "How is the situation today?"

良曰:“今项庄拔剑舞,其意常在沛公也。”Zhang Liang said, "Now Xiang Zhuang has drawn his sword to dance, and his intention is always on Liu Bang."

哙曰:“此迫矣,臣请入,与之同命!”哙即带剑拥盾入。Fan Kuai said, "It is urgent. Please let me enter and share the same fate with him!" Fan Kuai then took his sword and shield and entered.

军门卫士欲止不内,樊哙侧其盾以撞,卫士仆地。The guards at the gate of the army wanted to stop him from entering, but Fan Kuai hit them with his shield on the side, and the guards fell to the ground.

遂入,披帷立,嗔目视项羽,头发上指,目眦尽裂。So he entered, opened the curtain and stood there, glaring at Xiang Yu with angry eyes, his hair standing on end and his eyes bulging.

项羽按剑而跽曰:“客何为者?”Xiang Yu pressed his sword and knelt up, asking, "Who are you?"

张良曰:“沛公之参乘樊哙也。”Zhang Liang said, "He is Fan Kuai, the attendant of Liu Bang."

项羽曰:“壮士!赐之卮酒!”则与斗卮酒。哙拜谢,起,立而饮之。Xiang Yu said, "Brave man! Give him a goblet of wine!" So he was given a large goblet of wine. Fan Kuai bowed to thank, got up, and drank it standing up.

项羽曰:“赐之彘肩!”则与一生彘肩。Xiang Yu said, "Give him a pork shoulder!" So he was given a whole raw pork shoulder.

樊哙覆其盾于地,加彘肩其上,拔剑切而啖之。Fan Kuai placed his shield on the ground, put the pork shoulder on it, drew his sword and cut it and ate it.

项羽曰:“壮士能复饮乎?”Xiang Yu said, "Brave man, can you drink more?"

樊哙曰:Fan Kuai said:

“臣死且不避,卮酒安足辞!夫秦有虎狼之心,杀人如不能举,刑人如恐不胜;天下皆叛之。"I don't even avoid death, so why should I refuse a goblet of wine! Qin had the heart of a tiger and a wolf, killing people as if they couldn't be counted, punishing people as if they couldn't be punished enough; the whole world rebelled against it.

怀王与诸将约曰:‘先破秦入咸阳者,王之。’今沛公先破秦入咸阳,豪毛不敢有所近,还军霸上以待将军。King Huai and the generals had an agreement: 'The one who first breaks through Qin and enters Xianyang will be crowned king.' Now Liu Bang first broke through Qin and entered Xianyang, not daring to touch even a single hair of the property, and returned to Bashang to wait for the general.

劳苦而功高如此,未有封爵之赏,而听细人之说,欲诛有功之人,此亡秦之续耳,窃为将军不取也!”He has worked so hard and achieved such high merits, but there is no reward of a fief or title, and yet he listens to the words of some mean people and wants to execute a meritorious person. This is just like the fall of Qin. I privately think that the general should not do this!"

项羽未有以应,曰:“坐!”樊哙从良坐。Xiang Yu had no answer and said, "Sit!" Fan Kuai sat down next to Zhang Liang.

坐须臾,沛公起如厕,因招樊哙出。After sitting for a while, Liu Bang got up to go to the toilet and called Fan Kuai out.

公曰:“今者出,未辞也,为之奈何?”Liu Bang said, "I didn't say goodbye just now. What should I do?"

樊哙曰:“如今人方为刀俎,我方为鱼肉,何辞为!”于是遂去。Fan Kuai said, "Now we are like fish on the chopping block and they are like the chopping knife. Why should we say goodbye!" So they left.

鸿门去霸上四十里,沛公则置车骑,脱身独骑;Hongmen is forty li away from Bashang. Liu Bang left his chariots and horses and escaped on a single horse;

樊哙、夏侯婴、靳强、纪信等四人持剑、盾步走,从骊山下,道芷阳间行,趣霸上。Fan Kuai, Xiahou Ying, Jin Qiang, and Ji Xin, four people, took swords and shields and walked on foot, going down Lishan Mountain, taking a shortcut through Zhiyang, and making their way to Bashang.

留张良使谢项羽,以白璧献羽,玉斗与亚父。Liu Bang left Zhang Liang to apologize to Xiang Yu, presenting a white jade disc to Xiang Yu and a jade cup to Fan Zeng.

沛公谓良曰:“从此道至吾军,不过二十里耳。度我至军中,公乃入。”Liu Bang said to Zhang Liang, "From this path to my army, it's no more than twenty li. Estimate that I have reached the army, and then you enter."

沛公已去,间至军中,张良入谢曰:After Liu Bang had left and reached the army by a shortcut, Zhang Liang entered to apologize and said:

“沛公不胜杯杓,不能辞,谨使臣良奉白璧一双,再拜献将军足下;玉斗一双,再拜奉亚父足下。”"Liu Bang couldn't bear the wine and cups and couldn't say goodbye. I have been sent by him to present a pair of white jade discs to you, General, with a double bow; and a pair of jade cups to you, Father Fan, with a double bow."

项羽曰:“沛公安在?”Xiang Yu said, "Where is Liu Bang?"

良曰:“闻将军有意督过之,脱身独去,已至军矣。Zhang Liang said, "I heard that you intended to find fault with him. He escaped on his own and has already reached the army."

项羽则受璧,置之坐上。Xiang Yu then accepted the white jade disc and placed it on the seat.

亚父受玉斗,置之地,拔剑撞而破之,曰:“唉!竖子不足与谋!夺将军天下者,必沛公也。吾属今为之虏矣!”Fan Zeng accepted the jade cup, placed it on the ground, drew his sword and hit it to break it, saying, "Alas! You young fool! The one who will take the general's world will surely be Liu Bang. We will all be captured by him!"

沛公至军,立诛杀曹无伤。Liu Bang reached the army and immediately executed Cao Wushang.

居数日,项羽引兵西,屠咸阳,杀秦降王子婴,烧秦宫室,火三月不灭。收其货宝、妇女而东。秦民大失望。After a few days, Xiang Yu led his troops westward, slaughtered Xianyang, killed Ziying, the prince of Qin who had surrendered, burned the palaces of Qin, and the fire didn't go out for three months. He collected the treasures and women and went east. The people of Qin were greatly disappointed.

韩生说项羽曰:“关中阻山带河,四塞之地,地肥饶,可都以霸。”Han Sheng advised Xiang Yu, "Guanzhong is blocked by mountains and rivers, a land with four strategic passes, fertile and rich, and can be made the capital to dominate."

项羽见秦宫室皆已烧残破,又心思东归,曰:“富贵不归故乡,如衣绣夜行,谁知之者!Xiang Yu saw that the palaces of Qin had all been burned and damaged, and he also wanted to return to the east, saying, "If you don't return to your hometown when you are wealthy, it's like wearing embroidered clothes at night. Who will know about it!"

韩生退曰:“人言楚人沐猴而冠耳,果然!Han Sheng retreated and said, "People say that the Chu people are like monkeys wearing hats. It's really true!"

项羽闻之,烹韩生。Xiang Yu heard this and boiled Han Sheng alive.

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