Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。“论文快递”栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第二百六十一期，将介绍Urban Studies Online First中的五篇论文。主题包括食利资本主义和平台资本主义的交汇，中型城市与新自由主义，儿童保育空间可达性的不平等，区域视角下基础设施“作为解决方案”的潜力，以及熟悉的陌生人和归属感。欢迎阅读。
Proptech and the private rental sector: New forms of extraction at the intersection of rental properties and platform rentierisation
房地产技术与私人租赁行业：租赁物业与平台食利化交汇的新抽取形式
Peta Wolifson（澳大利亚悉尼大学）Private renting increasingly comprises a complex ecosystem of actors who assemble housing within the market, and collect rental income and data from tenants, and data on the material assets themselves. Our analysis – at the intersection of rentier and platform capitalism – focuses on landed (material real estate) and technological (digital infrastructure and data) property in Australia’s private rental system. Drawing out relationships between the various actors – landlords, rental property managers and real estate agencies, software developers and providers, property developers and investors – and both their properties and their uses of Proptech (property technology), we show how housing and technology are being leveraged for profit in new ways. In Australia, landed property retains its precedence for established (individual and institutional) landlords, whose interest in Proptech relates to enhancing or value-adding to rental housing assets. For Proptech and institutional real estate players seeking to consolidate both landed and technology property, capturing the tech landscape is increasingly important; indeed, securing control and/or consolidation of technology property is a key motivation for building and/or using Proptech among the largest property developers. Our findings show how rent extraction operates across and between different types and scales of property and market actors, and in new ways that differentiate the figure of the rentier while upholding the dynamics of the rentier model.
私人租赁的参与者生态系统越来越复杂，他们在市场中收集住房，向租户收取租金收入，收集租户的数据以及有关物质资产本身的数据。我们的分析关注食利资本主义和平台资本主义的交汇，重点关注澳大利亚私人租赁系统中的土地（实体房地产）和技术（数字基础设施和数据）财产。通过勾勒出各类参与者（房东、租赁物业经理和房地产中介、软件开发商和提供商、房地产开发商和投资者）之间的关系，他们的资产及其对房地产技术（Proptech）的使用，我们展示了人们如何以新的方式利用住房和技术来获取利润。在澳大利亚，成熟（个人和机构）房东仍然会优先考虑地产，他们对房地产技术的兴趣与租赁住房资产的增加或价值提升有关。对于寻求整合地产和技术资产的房地产技术和机构房地产参与者来说，占领技术领域变得越来越重要；事实上，确保对技术资产的控制和/或整合是最大的房地产开发商建设和/或使用房地产技术的主要动机。我们的研究结果显示了不同类型和规模的房地产和市场参与者如何进行租金抽取，以及如何以新的方式区分食利者的形象，同时维护食利者模型的动态。
build to rent, digital, housing, landlords, platform
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241262916The creative city’s swan song? The individualisation of the music scene in Bologna, UNESCO City of Music
创意城市的天鹅之歌？联合国教科文组织音乐之都博洛尼亚音乐场景的个性化
Sabrina Pedrini（意大利博洛尼亚大学）
Massimo Giovanardi（意大利博洛尼亚大学）Raffaele Corrado（意大利博洛尼亚大学）This paper extends the debate on medium-sized cities as active designers of place-specific neoliberal identities by reporting relevant findings from Bologna, European Capital of Culture in 2000 and a UNESCO City of Music since 2006. The study identifies the formal relationships of collaboration among local musicians as a relevant proxy to discuss the individualisation of the pop-rock music scene and its variations between 1978 and 2019. For this purpose, formal Social Network Analysis is combined with semi-structured interview analysis and archival research. The findings reveal decreased levels of social cohesion among artists and establishes a link between growing individualisation in the local music scene and an increasing tourist-orientation in the city.本文通过报告博洛尼亚相关研究结果，加深了关于中型城市作为特定地点新自由主义身份的积极设计者的讨论。博洛尼亚在 2000 年被评为欧洲文化之都， 2006 年被联合国教科文组织评为“音乐之都”。本文将本地音乐家之间的正式合作关系作为相关指标，讨论 1978 年至 2019 年期间流行摇滚音乐场景的个性化及其变化。为此，我们将正式的社会网络分析与半结构化访谈分析和文献研究相结合。研究结果表明艺术家之间的社会凝聚力水平下降了，并发现了当地音乐日益个性化与城市旅游导向性日益增强之间的联系。
cultural industries, music, neoliberal city, social network analysis, urban cultural policies
文化产业、音乐、新自由主义城市、社会网络分析、城市文化政策https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241257791Unequal access to childcare in cities: Is equal public funding sufficient?
城市中儿童保育的机会不平等：平等的公共资金是否足够？
Astrid Pennerstorfer（奥地利维也纳经济大学）Dieter Pennerstorfer（奥地利林茨大学）Michaela Neumayr（奥地利维也纳经济大学）This article examines inequalities in the spatial accessibility of childcare between high- and low-status neighbourhoods in the city of Vienna and asks (i) whether specific public and non-profit provider types contribute to these inequalities and (ii) which factors may cause these inequalities in a mainly tax-funded childcare system. For our analysis, we combine data on the location and characteristics of childcare providers with spatially granular information on demand and neighbourhood characteristics. The results show that two provider types – church-related and independent non-profit providers – are mainly responsible for the higher accessibility of childcare in neighbourhoods with higher socio-economic status. Specifically independent providers charge significantly higher prices and offer more special services in these high-status areas. Public funding of a large part of the production costs, therefore, seems insufficient to ensure equal access in all neighbourhoods. These findings suggest that the exclusive comparison between public, private non-profit and private for-profit providers often found in the literature may be too narrow.本文考察了维也纳市社会经济地位高的街区与社会经济地位低的街区之间儿童保育空间可达性的不平等，并就以下方面提出疑问（i）特定的公共和非营利组织是否加剧这些不平等，以及（ii）在主要由税收资助的儿童保育系统中，哪些因素可能导致这些不平等的出现。为了进行分析，我们将儿童保育服务提供者的位置和特征数据与需求和街区特征的空间粒度信息相结合。结果表明，两种类型的服务提供者—教会相关提供者和独立的非营利组织—是社会经济地位较高的街区儿童保育可及性较高的主要原因。具体来说，独立服务提供商在这些社会经济地位较高的地区收取的费用要高得多，并提供更多特色服务。因此，公共资金承担大部分生产成本似乎不足以确保所有街区都能平等地享受各种服务。这些发现表明，文献中经常出现的公共组织、私人非营利组织和私人营利性组织之间的排他性比较可能过于狭隘。
education, inequality, infrastructure, neighbourhood, non-profit organisation, policy, spatial accessibility教育、不平等、基础设施、街区、非营利组织、政策、空间可达性
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241258298Bridging ‘infrastructural solutions’ and ‘infrastructures as solution’: Regional promises and urban pragmatism
连接 "基础设施解决方案 "和 "将基础设施作为解决方案"：区域期望与城市实用主义
Michael R Glass（美国匹兹堡大学）
Jean-Paul D Addie（美国佐治亚州立大学）
首次出版时间：2024/07/27｜评论文章
Abstract
The potential of infrastructure ‘as a solution’ is currently at the forefront of American political consciousness. Historic levels of investment in infrastructure proffer seismic material, economic, and symbolic transformations at a near-continental scale. However, the present policy context for infrastructure planning in the US is confounded by a mosaic of decision-making authorities that hamper the development of cohesive approaches to sustainable and equitable development. This situation underscores the need to identify how infrastructural futures are assembled and scaled as simultaneously continuous and emergent, old and new, and marked by the diverse capacities of various stakeholders. This paper makes a case for ‘seeing like a region’ when examining transformative approaches to infrastructural change, as infrastructure systems regularly transcend the boundaries of urban space and hence become enmeshed in the goals of broader constituencies and interests. Through a case study of the Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission, we question how infrastructural futures are understood and materialised by the region’s central planning stakeholders. Our analysis pays particular attention to the challenges faced by regional planning organisations when navigating the spatial–temporal frames of incremental and radical change. As the Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission operates with limited staff capacity, high regulatory burdens, and short time horizons for budgeting processes, incremental changes to infrastructure often are the best hope for solving regional challenges of structural inequality and uneven access to resources. This demonstrates how the solutions proffered by infrastructural development are confounded by the dynamics that come into focus when evaluated from the regional scale. Yet we also identify possibilities for regional approaches that foster equitable urban futures within the spatial envelopes created by infrastructural systems and imaginaries that transition from reactive ‘infrastructural solutions’ to a proactive materialisation of ‘infrastructures as solutions’.
基础设施“作为解决方案”的潜力目前处于美国政治意识的最前沿。基础设施投资的历史水平带来了近乎整个大陆范围的物质、经济和象征性变革。然而，目前美国基础设施规划的政策环境因决策机构混乱而变得混乱，阻碍了可持续和公平发展的统一方针的制定。这种情况凸显了我们有必要确定基础设施未来如何组合和扩展，使其同时具有连续性和新兴性、新旧结合，并以各利益相关者不同的能力为特征。本文从区域视角考察基础设施变革的变革方法，因为基础设施系统经常超越城市空间的界限，与更广泛的选区和利益的目标交织在一起。通过对宾夕法尼亚州西南部委员会进行案例研究，我们对该地区的集中规划利益相关者如何理解和实现基础设施的未来提出了质疑。我们的分析特别关注区域规划组织在探索渐进式和根本性变革的时空框架时所面临的挑战。由于宾夕法尼亚州西南部委员会员工能力有限、监管负担重以及预算流程时间紧迫，对基础设施进行渐进式变革往往是解决区域结构性不平等和资源获取不均衡挑战的最大希望。这揭示了从区域尺度进行评估时，基础设施发展所提供的解决方案是如何因所关注的动态因素而变得复杂的。然而，我们也发现了区域方法的一些可能性，这些方法在基础设施系统和想象所创造的空间范围内促进公平的城市未来，从被动的“基础设施解决方案”转变为主动实现“将基础设施作为解决方案”。
infrastructural regionalism, infrastructures as solutions, long-range planning, Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), regional governance, regional futures, transportation infrastructure基础设施区域主义、基础设施作为解决方案、长期规划、大都市规划组织 (MPO)、区域治理、未来、交通基础设施
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241262232From communal places to comfort zones: Familiar stranger encounters in everyday life as a form of belonging
从公共场所到舒适区：作为一种归属感形式的日常生活中熟悉的陌生人的相遇
Jonathan Corcoran（澳大利亚昆士兰大学）Familiar strangers, individuals who are visually recognisable yet do not engage in verbal conversations, emerge in communal urban places on the way and in between regular daily activities in the home and workplace. Described as invisible social ties and light touch community, familiar strangers represent an understudied and untapped source of sociality that offer promise by way of an antidote to the global increase in reports of loneliness. In this study, we examine the extent to which familiar stranger encounters in communal everyday places might act as an important source of social identity, belonging and perceived attachment. We estimate regression models using data from a 2022 intercept survey of 278 residents in Brisbane, Australia conducted in situ at public parks, transit stations, retail environments, and thoroughfares to estimate the influence of familiar strangers and frequency of visitation on sense of belonging and place attachment. Our results show belonging emerges through familiar stranger encounters in everyday communal places outside of the residential neighbourhood and suggest that coupling urban design features that enhance visible proximity with scheduling that encourages repeated, synchronised visitation can contribute to bounded communities of belonging at everyday communal places.摘要
熟悉的陌生人，是指那些外表可辨认，但却不进行口头交谈的人。我们会在城市公共场所遇到， 如家庭和工作场所的日常活动途中以及活动的过程中等。熟悉的陌生人被描述为无形的社会联系和轻接触社区，是尚未研究和开发的社交来源，有望成为解决全球范围内日益增加的孤独疾病的解药。本文考察了在日常公共场所中熟悉的陌生人的相遇在多大程度上可能成为社会身份、归属感和感知依恋的重要来源。我们利用 2022 年在澳大利亚布里斯班对 278 名居民在公共公园、车站、零售环境和街道现场进行的拦截调查数据来估计回归模型，以估计熟悉的陌生人和访问频率对归属感和地方依恋的影响。我们的研究结果表明，归属感是通过在住宅区外的日常公共场所中与熟悉的陌生人的相遇而产生的，并表明将增强可见接近度的城市设计特征与鼓励重复、同步访问的时间安排相结合，有助于在日常公共场所形成有界的归属感社区。
belonging, familiar stranger, place attachment, public places, sociality归属感、熟悉的陌生人、地方依恋、公共场所、社交
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241265033微信号｜USJ_online
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