Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇,每年发表16期,共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大,文章从接收到正式出版周期较长,因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。“论文快递”栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文,方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态,敬请关注!
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第二百六十六期,将介绍Urban Studies Online First中最新发表的五篇论文。主题包括小学阶段的教育隔离,中国城市间的联合开发区作为一种”延伸性地方领地“,疫情期间的餐厅生存和后疫情时期的中心城区复苏,以及撒哈拉以南非洲的新城建设和城市私有化进程。欢迎阅读。
Primary school segregation in the context of free primary school choice – More than just a reflection of residential segregation?
自由择校背景下的小学阶段教育隔离——不仅仅是居住隔离的一种反映
Andreas Wettlaufer(德国波鸿鲁尔大学)Andreas Farwick(德国波鸿鲁尔大学)A city’s primary school segregation is closely related to its residential segregation. However, in education systems that allow primary school choice, parental behaviour often boosts school segregation beyond the segregation determined by the families’ place of residence. Taking up previous research, the paper starts by addressing the extent to which parental choice impacts school segregation in a large German city in North Rhine-Westphalia, a German federal state where primary school choice was introduced several years ago. It goes on to analyse which school characteristics are of importance for parents not wishing their children to attend the nearest school, thus boosting school segregation. In doing so, data is used that allows the precise determination of the extent to which children do not attend their nearest school and under which conditions. It becomes clear that, in addition to residential patterns, parental school choice is a significant driver of the uneven distribution of pupils, with the decisions of middle- and upper-middle-class parents particularly contributing to the socio-economic segregation of schoolchildren. A look at various forms of ethnic and religious segregation reveals ambivalent results, inter alia a high level of segregation of Muslim children.
城市的小学阶段教育隔离与居住隔离密切相关。然而,在允许小学择校的教育制度中,不仅存在家庭居住地所决定的隔离,家长的行为往往还会加剧学校隔离。北威州是德国的一个联邦州,该州几年前开始实行小学择校;本文借鉴了先前的研究成果,首先探讨了家长择校对北威州一座大城市的学校隔离造成的影响程度。本文接着分析了是学校的哪些主要特征导致了家长不希望孩子就近上学,从而加剧了学校隔离。在此过程中,本文使用数据来精确确定儿童不就近入学的程度,以及在何种情况下不去就近学校。显然,除了居住模式之外,家长择校也是造成学生分布不均的一个重要因素,其中,中产阶级和中上阶层家长的决定尤其造成了学童的社会经济隔离。考察各种形式的种族和宗教隔离,就会发现矛盾的结果,其中的一个主题是对穆斯林儿童的严重隔离。
education, primary schools, school choice, school segregation, social inequality
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241269700The production of extended local territory: Topology and the spatial politics of city-region making in China
延伸性地方领地的生产:中国城市区域构建中的拓扑关系和空间政治
Yimin Zhao(中国人民大学;英国杜伦大学)A new trend has been emerging in China’s urban and regional politics, as it is becoming prevalent to extend one municipal authority to another, transcending boundaries, often through the establishment of joint development zones. These newly produced subnational territories are worth further attention to clarify the underlying political dynamics of China’s changing state space. This paper examines the Shenzhen–Shanwei Special Cooperation Zone in Guangdong and analyses the political–spatial processes through which a certain area of Shanwei has been transformed into the ‘Eastern frontier of Shenzhen’. Looking into the relational power nexus that has also been inflected by trans-scalar and cross-boundary dynamics, as well as its manifestations in urban landscapes, we propose extended local territory as a key analytical concept to explore how and how far the rise of extensive territoriality has been articulated with intensive localities. Empirically, we elaborate on the ways in which the territorial ambition and authority of Shenzhen have been managing to traverse boundaries, while also recognising that Shenzhen’s aspiration of materialising its extensive territoriality is challenged by both scalar constraints and the grassroots politics rooted in local history and geography. Addressing the dialectics between the extensive territoriality and intensive locality, we attend to the inter-topological effects and trace the patterns of correlation that are involved in this process, which also turns out to be a critical approach to better understanding changing state spaces in and beyond China.中国的城市和区域政治中出现了一种新趋势,即一个市政当局通常凭借建立联合开发区的方式,使其管辖范围超越边界,延伸至另一个市政当局的管辖范围。这些新产生的地方领地值得进一步关注,以阐明中国不断变化的行政空间背后的政治动态。本文以广东深汕特别合作区为研究对象,分析汕尾某地区转变为“深圳东部前沿”的政治空间过程。通过研究跨层级和跨边界动态所影响的关系性权力网络及其在城市景观中的表现,我们提出将“延伸性地方领地”作为一个关键的分析概念,以探索延伸性领地的兴起如何以及在多大程度上与强烈的地方性相联系。从实证角度,我们详细阐述了深圳的领地野心和权力如何跨越边界,同时也认识到深圳实现其延伸性领地的愿望受到了层级约束和植根于当地历史和地理的基层政治的挑战。在探讨延伸性领地和强烈地方性之间的辩证关系的同时,我们关注拓扑间效应,并追踪这一过程中涉及的关联模式,这也是更好地理解中国乃至世界不断变化的行政空间的关键方法。
territory, state, spatial politics, topology, city-region, China
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241270959Assessing downtown recovery rates and determinants in North American cities after the COVID-19 pandemic
评估北美城市后疫情时期的中心城区复苏速度和决定因素
Byeonghwa Jeong(加拿大多伦多大学)Julia Greenberg(美国加州大学伯克利分校)North American downtowns are struggling to recover from the global COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the varying rates of recovery experienced by downtown areas in the 66 largest cities of the United States and Canada. Leveraging Location-Based Services data extracted from mobile phone location trajectories, we assess the recovery rates in the 2023 post-pandemic period, juxtaposed against pre-pandemic 2019 levels. We find significant disparities in downtown recovery rates. Economic factors emerge as crucial determinants, where downtowns hosting a concentration of sectors with remote/hybrid work options – such as information, finance, professional services and management – displayed sluggish recovery. Conversely, downtowns with a focus on industries like accommodation, manufacturing, education, retail, construction, entertainment and healthcare exhibited greater resilience post pandemic. Furthermore, higher density, crime rates and education levels were correlated with slower recovery rates, as were harsher weather conditions and longer commuting times. Lower-density and auto-orientated downtowns demonstrated a swift rebound, even surpassing pre-pandemic activity levels. These findings underscore the necessity for tailored policies to bolster the revival of North American downtown areas.北美的城市中心区正在努力从全球新冠疫情中恢复。本文旨在考察美国和加拿大66个最大城市的中心城区不同的复苏速度。我们利用从手机位置轨迹中提取的基于位置的服务数据,评估了2023年疫情后时期的复苏速度,并与2019年疫情前的水平进行了对比。我们发现各城市中心区的复苏速度存在很大差异。经济因素成为关键的决定因素:集中了提供远程/混合工作选择的行业——例如信息、金融、专业服务和管理——的城市中心区复苏缓慢。相反,以住宿、制造、教育、零售、建筑、娱乐和医疗保健等行业为重点的城市中心区在疫情后表现出了更强的复原力。此外,人口密度、犯罪率和教育水平越高,复苏速度就越慢,而且,恶劣的天气条件和较长的通勤时间也会影响复苏速度。人口密度较低且以汽车为导向的城市中心区表现出迅速的反弹,甚至超过了疫情前的活动水平。这些发现强调了制定针对性政策来促进北美城市中心区复兴的必要性。
COVID-19, downtown, location-based service data, North America, resilience2019冠状病毒病、城市中心区、基于位置的服务数据、北美、复原力
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241270987Restaurant survival during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining operational, demographic and land use predictors in London, Canada
新冠疫情期间餐厅的生存:对加拿大伦敦地区运营、人口和土地利用预测因素的研究
Alexander Wray(加拿大西安大略大学)
Godwin Arku(加拿大西安大略大学)
Jed Long(加拿大西安大略大学)
Leia Minaker(加拿大滑铁卢大学)
Jamie Seabrook(加拿大西安大略大学)
Sean Doherty(加拿大威尔弗里德·劳瑞尔大学)
Jason Gilliland(加拿大西安大略大学)
首次出版时间:2024/09/14|研究论文
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic placed considerable stress on restaurants from restrictions placed on their operations, shifting consumer confidence, rapid expansion of remote work arrangements and aggressive uptake of third-party delivery services. Industry reports suggest that restaurants are experiencing a much higher rate of failure in comparison to other sectors of the economy. Restaurant survival was assessed in the Middlesex–London region of Ontario, Canada as of December 2020 using a novel dataset constructed from public health inspection permits, business listings and social media. Binomial logistic regression models were used to determine the association of operational, demographic and land use factors with restaurant survival during the pandemic. Operations-related factors were considerably more predictive of restaurant survival, though some demographic and land use factors suggest that urban processes continued to play a role in restaurant survival. Restaurants that offered in-house delivery and phone-based ordering methods were considerably less likely to close. Restaurants with a table-based service model, drive-through or an alcohol licence were also less likely to close. Restaurants proximal to a concentration of entertainment land uses were more likely to be closed in December 2020. Closed restaurants were not spatially clustered as compared to open restaurants. The pandemic appears to have disrupted established theoretical relationships between people, place, and restaurant success.
新冠疫情给餐馆带来了相当大的压力,包括经营受到限制、消费者信心发生变化、远程工作的迅速增加以及第三方送餐服务的大肆兴起。行业报告显示,与其他经济部门相比,经营餐馆的失败率要高很多。我们使用由公共卫生检查许可证、商业名录和社交媒体构建的全新数据集,对加拿大安大略省米德尔塞克斯-伦敦地区的餐馆截至2020年12月的生存情况进行了评估。我们使用二项逻辑回归模型来确定运营、人口和土地利用因素与疫情期间餐馆生存之间的关联。尽管一些人口和土地利用因素表明城市进程在餐馆生存中仍然发挥着作用,但与运营相关的因素对餐馆的生存显著地更具预测性。提供送餐和电话订餐方式的餐厅倒闭的可能性要小得多。采用基于餐桌的服务模式、免下车服务或拥有酒类营业执照的餐厅关闭的可能性也较小。靠近娱乐用地集中区的餐馆在2020年12月处于关闭状态的可能性更大。与还在营业的餐馆相比,关闭的餐馆在空间上并不集中。这场疫情似乎破坏了人、地点和餐厅成功之间既定的理论关系。
cities, hospitality and tourism, land use, pandemic, restaurants城市、酒店和旅游业、土地利用、疫情、餐厅
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241269785Privatised urbanism: The making of new cities and the self-organising mosaic
城市私有化:新城市的形成和自组织的拼贴
Prosper Issahaku Korah(加纳SDD-UBIDS大学)Patrick Brandful Cobbinah(澳大利亚墨尔本大学)Sub-Saharan African cities have experienced significant spatial transformation in recent years. This transformation, in part, has been characterised by the proliferation of new cities and the privatisation of urban spaces. Yet, an understanding of how the growing trend of privatised urbanism is producing marginalisation and exclusion hurdles for the majority of urbanites in the context of self-organisation remains limited. In response to this knowledge gap, this article investigates patterns of self-organisation in new cities. We demonstrate how the production of new cities and the privatisation of urban spaces have shaped land use planning and led to the marginalisation of local communities. Using the Greater Accra Region, Ghana as a case study, fieldwork involving interviews with urban planners, community leaders and key informants was conducted. The findings show that the forms of self-organisation inherent in new cities tend to perpetuate and deepen inequalities and exclusion in the peri-urban area. Rather than being an avenue for the marginalised to intervene in space and realise their ambitions, self-organisation serves the interests of the wealthy and powerful. We conclude that self-organisation may not always be a means to promote an inclusive and just society. Recommendations for creating a more equitable and inclusive urban futures are proffered.摘要
近年来,撒哈拉以南非洲城市经历了重大的空间转型。这种转变在一定程度上表现为新城市的激增和城市空间的私有化。然而,对于城市私有化日益增长的趋势如何在自组织的背景下给大多数城市居民带来边缘化和排斥等障碍,人们的理解仍然有限。为了弥补这一不足,本文探讨了新城市的自组织模式。我们展示了新城市的产生和城市空间的私有化如何影响土地利用规划并导致当地社区的边缘化。以加纳大阿克拉地区为案例,我们进行了实地调查,并与城市规划者、社区领导者和关键知情人进行了访谈。研究结果表明,新城市固有的自组织形式往往会延续并加深城郊地区的不平等和排斥。自组织不是边缘群体干预空间、实现抱负的途径,而是服务于富人和权贵的利益。我们得出的结论是,自组织并不总是促进包容和公正社会的手段。我们提出了创建更加平等和包容的城市未来的建议。
Ghana, new cities, planning, privatised urbanism, self-organisation, urbanisation加纳、新城市、规划、城市私有化、自组织、城市化
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241270953微信号|USJ_online
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