论文快递:第二百七十期

文摘   教育   2024-10-15 16:20   广东  

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Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇,每年发表16期,共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大,文章从接收到正式出版周期较长,因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。“论文快递”栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文,方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态,敬请关注!


本期为“论文快递”栏目的第二百七十期,将介绍Urban Studies Online First中最新发表的一篇论文,和近期正式出版期刊中的四篇论文主题包括公共财产视角下的城市空置遏制策略,西方语境以外的城市文化,中国全球社区的形成,儿童友好型城市实践中的新自由主义价值观,以及撒哈拉以南非洲土地所有者对正规产权的理解。欢迎阅读。

01

Common property in the city: Curbing urban vacancy in São Paulo

城市中的公共财产:圣保罗的城市空置遏制策略

Abigail Friendly(荷兰乌德勒支大学)

首次出版时间:2024/10/09|研究论文

Abstract
The issue of urban vacancy is both a complex and a prevalent phenomenon in multiple contexts globally, providing an opening to address systemic issues of precarity. In this article, I explore the issue of urban vacancy in São Paulo, where the problem of vacant property has been highlighted for years alongside housing challenges and socio-spatial segregation. While São Paulo’s real estate market is often unreachable for the urban poor, a Brazilian constitutional directive on the social function of property – the obligation to use property to further the common good – enables municipalities to take punitive action against owners of vacant property through a triad of policy tools. Therefore, despite the often-exclusionary nature of vacancy, transformational possibilities may exist. Exploring the application of these tools, I view urban vacancy through a perspective on common property, untangling emergent contestations and opportunities for transformation.


摘要

城市空置问题是一个复杂且普遍存在的现象,在全球多种环境下存在,也因此为解决系统性不稳定问题提供了契机。本文探讨了圣保罗的城市空置问题。多年来,圣保罗的房产空置问题与住房挑战和社会空间隔离问题一直备受关注。虽然圣保罗的房地产市场往往是城市贫民无法企及的,但巴西宪法关于房地产的社会功能(利用房地产促进公共利益的义务)的指令使市政当局能够通过三重政策工具对空置房产的业主采取惩戒措施。因此,尽管空置往往具有排他性本质,但转变的可能性仍然存在。通过探索这些工具的应用,本文从公共财产的视角考察城市空置,探索新出现的争议和转变的机会。


Keywords 
Brazil, urban vacancy, transformations, urban policy, precarity, housing


关键词
巴西、城市空置、转变、城市政策、不稳定、住房

原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241271063

02

Re-learning culture in cities beyond the West

重新学习西方以外城市的文化

Violante Torre(瑞士洛桑大学)

首次出版时间:2024/04/15|研究论文

Abstract
Urban scholars have long engaged with the role of culture in cities. Tracing this debate, this article outlines the evolutions of culture as an object of study in inquiries on the urban and wishes to trouble two persisting trends in this literature. The first is a geographical and theoretical Eurocentric vision of culture, often framing cities beyond the West as exceptions or needing validation through a comparison with a Western case or theoretical model; the second is an economistic vision of culture under neoliberalism, neglecting the political and ideological dimensions of culture. As a step in overcoming these limitations, this article builds around the notion of ‘re-learning’, to re-insert memory, informality and conflicting heritage into the debate on culture in cities. Drawing on an ethnography of the street ‘Avenida 26’ in Bogotá, Colombia, the article shows that informal cultural practices in the middle of segregation and urban violence can hardly be grasped through the current framing of culture in cities. Yet, they invite an opening up of such a framing to include different ways to cohabit and navigate space through everyday minor engagements. These multifaceted cultural realities urge us to ‘re-learn’ culture in cities anywhere and advance theorisation on culture that takes non-Western urban spaces seriously.

摘要

进行城市研究的学者长期以来一直致力于研究文化在城市中的作用。沿着这一主题,本文概述了文化作为城市研究的研究对象的演变,并希望对相关研究中两个持续存在的趋势加以探讨。第一个趋势是地理和理论上以欧洲为中心的文化观,这种文化观往往将西方以外的城市视为例外,或需要通过与西方案例或理论模型的比较来验证;第二个趋势是新自由主义影响下的经济主义文化观,这种文化观忽视了文化的政治和意识形态维度。为了克服这些限制,本文围绕“重新学习”的概念,将记忆、非正规性和冲突的遗产重新插入到关于城市文化的讨论中。本文利用哥伦比亚波哥大“26 号大街”的民族志研究,表明通过当前的城市文化框架很难理解处于种族隔离和城市暴力之中的非正规文化实践。它们需要更开放的框架,以纳入共存的不同方式,通过日常的细微活动探索空间。这些要从多方面考虑的文化现实促使我们“重新学习”各地城市的文化,并推进重视非西方城市空间的文化理论化进程。


Keywords 

Bogotá, comparative urbanism, culture, post-colonial theory, urban theory


关键词
波哥大、比较城市主义、文化、后殖民理论、城市理论

原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241240951

03

The making of a global neighbourhood in China

一个位于中国的全球社区的形成

Fanling Cheng(纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校)
Zai Liang(西安交通大学;纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校)
Tao Xu(浙江师范大学)

首次出版时间:2024/05/27|研究论文

Abstract
Global neighbourhood, as a new immigrant settlement pattern, has been confirmed to benefit residential diversity and civic engagement in the United States. Based on fieldwork in Yiwu City, the world’s largest small-commodity distribution centre, we examine the formation of a global neighbourhood in China as a new immigrant destination country. Through field observations and in-depth interviews with immigrant residents, social workers and restaurant owners, we identify several factors contributing to the neighbourhood evolution, including immigrants’ market-driven rational choice, the local government’s multi-faceted service and the bridging role of Chinese ethnic minorities. This Yiwu model suggests a new way to think about immigrant settlement patterns that deserves more attention from urban scholars. Moreover, the patterns we discovered reveal new immigrant settlement mechanisms outside the US context, which enriches the current literature on global neighbourhoods and new immigrant destinations.

摘要

全球社区作为一种新的移民定居模式,已被证实有利于美国的居住多元化和公民参与。我们通过对世界最大的小商品集散地义乌市进行实地调查,考察了中国作为新的移民目的地国如何形成全球社区。通过实地观察以及对移民居民、社工、餐馆老板等进行深入访谈,我们发现了推动社区演变的几个因素,包括移民的市场化理性选择、当地政府的多方位服务、中国少数民族的桥梁作用等。义乌模式为思考移民定居模式提供了一种新思路,值得城市研究学者更多的关注。此外,我们发现的模式揭示了美国以外的新移民定居机制,丰富了当前有关全球社区和新移民目的地的文献。


Keywords 
China, global neighbourhood, immigration, multi-ethnic community, Yiwu

关键词

中国、全球社区、移民、多民族社区、义乌


原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241245324

04

Child-friendly urban practices as emergent place-based neoliberal subjectivation?

儿童友好型城市实践:一种新兴的基于场所的新自由主义主体化?

Carmen Perez-Del-Pulgar(德国亥姆霍兹环境研究中心;西班牙巴塞罗那城市环境正义与可持续发展实验室)

Isabelle Anguelovski(西班牙环境科学与技术研究所;西班牙巴塞罗那自治大学;巴塞罗那城市环境正义与可持续发展实验室;加泰罗尼亚高等研究院)

James JT Connolly(加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学;西班牙巴塞罗那城市环境正义与可持续发展实验室)


首次出版时间:2024/04/09|研究论文


Abstract

As city-level decisionmakers generate urban policies and spatial interventions aimed at enhancing children’s environments and increasing their health, wellbeing and participation in urban life, they also impact the types of citizens that cities produce. Yet, despite the increasing ubiquity of city plans targeting the creation of child-friendly environments, child-centred transformations within the urban built fabric have not been a major analytical theme compared to other economic, spatial and welfare aspects of city restructuring in the context of neoliberal urbanisation. In light of this need for greater empirical and theoretical exploration of child-centred urbanism, we compare and contrast how plans reorganise children’s urban social space across different neoliberalising contexts. Drawing on empirical research conducted in Amsterdam, Vienna and Bristol in 2019, including 46 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders involved in child-friendly planning, we contribute to the understanding of how place-based subjectivation processes operate within these plans. We argue that child-friendly urban plans are instrumental in the process of creating subjects that have internalised the norms of neoliberal urbanisation.


摘要 

当城市决策者制定城市政策和空间干预措施旨在改善儿童环境并提高其健康、福祉和城市生活的参与时,这些政策和措施也会影响城市培养的公民类型。尽管以创造儿童友好型环境为目标的城市规划越来越普遍,但与新自由主义城市化背景下的其他经济、空间和福利方面的城市重构相比,城市建成环境中以儿童为中心的转型尚未成为主要的分析主题。鉴于这种对以儿童为中心的城市化进行更多的实证及理论探索的需要,我们比较和对比了不同新自由主义背景下的规划如何重组儿童的城市社会空间。根据 2019 年在阿姆斯特丹、维也纳和布里斯托进行的实证研究,包括对参与儿童友好型规划的主要利益相关者进行的 46 次半结构化访谈,我们分析了基于地点的主体化过程如何在这些规划中运作。我们认为,儿童友好型城市规划有助于创造内化了新自由主义城市化规范的主体。


Keywords

child-friendly urban planning, neoliberal urbanisation, place-based subjectivation, urban sustainability, urban wellbeing


关键词

儿童友好型城市规划、新自由主义城市化、基于场所的主体化、城市可持续性、城市福祉

原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241235781

05

Unbundling tenure security and demand for property rights: Evidence from urban Tanzania

分解土地保有安全性和对正规产权的需求:来自坦桑尼亚城市的证据

Martina Manara(英国谢菲尔德大学)
Tanner Regan(美国乔治华盛顿大学)

首次出版时间:2024/04/09|研究论文

Abstract
Rapid urbanisation in sub-Saharan Africa occurs with little land registration, and government-led regularisation schemes often find limited uptake of title deeds by residents. In theory, there could be private and public benefits from land titling in cities. However, little is known about how landholders value the various dimensions of formal property rights in comparison to informal tenure. We address these questions by unbundling property rights into multiple functions of tenure security and by adopting an innovative combination of methods, including an incentivised willingness-to-pay exercise, a survey, and in-depth interviews conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Examining how landholders perceive dimensions of tenure advances our understanding of limited land formalisation in urban Africa and provides evidence for alternative policy approaches to address local demand for tenure security more effectively.

摘要

撒哈拉以南非洲地区的快速城市化进程几乎没有土地登记,而政府主导的正规化计划往往遭遇居民对地契使用的有限接纳。理论上,城市的土地所有权登记可以给个人和公众带来好处。然而,与非正规土地保有权相比,土地所有者如何评价正规产权的各个维度却尚不明晰。我们通过将产权分解为与土地保有安全性相关的多种功能,并采用创新的方法组合来解决这些问题,包括有奖励的支付意愿调研活动、问卷调查以及在坦桑尼亚的达累斯萨拉姆进行的深度访谈。考察土地所有者如何看待土地保有权的各个方面,可以增进我们对非洲城市有限土地正规化的理解,并为能更有效地满足当地对土地保有安全性需求的其他替代性政策方法提供依据。


Keywords
development, informality, property rights reform, tenure security, urban Africa

关键词

发展、非正规性、产权改革、土地保有安全性、非洲城市

原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241235157

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