Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。“论文快递”栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第二百五十五期，将介绍Urban Studies Online First中最新发表的三篇论文和Current Issue中的两篇论文。主题包括城市食品网络中的多方体系关系，小型住宅的国际议程，特大城市邻里社区的形成与治理，土地利用监管变化与破坏和重建过程之间的联系，以及城市公共政策制定中的相互参照。欢迎阅读。
‘Lines of flight’ in city food networks: A relational approach to food systems transformation
城市食品网络中的 "逃逸线"：食品体系转型的关系方法
Roberta Discetti（英国伯恩茅斯大学商学院）This paper focuses on multi-actor partnerships within city food networks geared towards food system transformation. While an emergent body of research uncovered collective tactics in the context of urban food strategies, more research is needed to understand how tactics mobilised by multiple state, civil society, and market actors change based on different engagements and connections – namely their relational aspects. We conducted a systematic literature review of interdisciplinary research on Fair Trade Towns, one of the most globally widespread examples of multi-actor city food networks, to observe tactics from a relational perspective, analysed through the Deleuzian theoretical device of ‘lines of flight’. Findings show what tactics are employed by different state, civil society, and market actors in city food networks, and how these different partnerships act along ‘lines of flight’, activated relationally depending on the connections and the power dynamics in different assemblages. We conclude by identifying new avenues for future research to understand the relational, unfolding, and complex character of food system transformation.
本文重点关注城市食品网络中面向食品体系转型的多方伙伴关系。虽然大量新兴的研究揭示了城市食品战略背景下的集体策略，但还需要更多的研究来了解多个国家、民间社会和市场参与者所使用的策略如何根据不同的互动和联系而变化—即它们的关系方面。我们对公平贸易城镇（全球最广泛的多主体城市食品网络实例之一）的跨学科研究进行了系统的文献综述，从关系的角度观察策略，并通过德勒兹的“逃逸线”理论工具进行分析。研究结果显示了城市食品网络中不同国家、民间社会和市场参与者所采用的策略，以及这些不同的伙伴关系如何沿着“逃逸线”行动，并根据不同集合中的联系和权力动态以关系方式激活。最后，我们确定了未来研究的新途径，以了解食品系统转型的相关性、伸展性和复杂性。
assemblage theory, Fair Trade Towns, multi-actor partnerships, sustainable food policy, urban governance
装配理论、公平贸易城镇、多方伙伴关系、可持续食品政策、城市治理https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241247780Small is beautiful? Making sense of ‘shrinking’ homes
小即是美？理解 "缩水"住房
Current land pressures in the world cities of the global North are encouraging a move towards denser urban living and the development of smaller homes than has been the case for many decades. While this appears environmentally beneficial when compared with the alternative of suburban sprawl, it comes at a cost: the number of extremely small homes appears to be increasing particularly rapidly, with less communal and public space available to those living in compact homes which offer little room for socialising, storing possessions or working from home. Drawing specifically on the experience of England and Wales, with a focus on the overheated property market in London, this commentary sets out an international agenda for the study of small homes, noting the growing evidence of the negative impact of dense urban living on mental and physical health, home-working and familial and intimate relations, as well as its failure to solve the crisis of affordability. The article suggests that rather than being a reasoned response to the housing and environmental crises, the phenomenon of ‘shrinking homes’ indicates the growing role of finance in the development of cities, suggestive of the way that developers are extracting maximum value from restricted urban sites in an era of planning deregulation. In conclusion, the commentary argues that urban scholarship needs to compile more evidence of space inequality in cities, pushing for policies designed to enforce minimal space standards while reducing the ability of the wealthy to construct very large homes.目前，全球北方城市的土地压力促使人们采取更加密集的城市生活，并且建造过去几十年以来最小的住宅。虽然与郊区蔓延相比，这种做法似乎对环境有益，但它也是有代价的：超小型房屋的数量似乎增长得特别快，而紧凑型房屋中的居民可用的共享、公共空间则更少，因为紧凑型房屋几乎没有空间用于社交、储存物品或在家工作。本文特别借鉴了英格兰和威尔士的经验，重点关注伦敦过热的房地产市场，提出了研究小型住宅的国际议程，并指出越来越多的证据表明，密集的城市生活对身心健康、在家工作以及家庭和亲密关系产生了负面影响，而且无法解决负担能力危机。本文认为，“住房缩水”现象并非是对住房和环境危机的合理回应，而是表明金融在城市发展中发挥的作用日益增强，显示开发商在规划放松管制的时代如何从受限的城市地块中获取最大价值。最后，本文认为，城市学术研究需要收集更多城市空间不平等的证据，推动制定最低空间标准政策，同时降低富人建造大型住宅的能力。
class, governance, housing, planning, policy
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241249049Communities built on political trust: Theory and evidence from China
建立在政治信任基础上的社区：来自中国的理论与证据
This study offers a unique mixed-methods investigation on the formation of neighbourhood communities in China’s megacities. We find that the local government helps homeowners overcome prevalent collective action problems and govern themselves more effectively. Neighbourhoods that have established homeowners’ associations (HOAs) enjoy better governing outcomes than those without HOAs, as evidenced by homeowners wielding greater control over neighbourhood affairs, showing heightened respect for democratic principles, and maintaining a stronger sense of community identity. Owing to these positive outcomes, and as compared to their counterparts in neighbourhoods without HOAs, homeowner activists in neighbourhoods with HOAs develop a deeper trust in their local government. As such, our argument that urban communities are based on political trust in authoritarian regimes complicates the conventional view that such regimes either repress civic engagement or manipulate civic organisations for social control.本文采用独特的混合方法研究，考察中国特大城市邻里社区的形成。我们发现地方政府帮助业主克服普遍存在的集体行动问题，并帮助他们更有效地进行自我管理。建立了业主委员会（HOA）的街区治理效果优于未建立业主委员会的街区，因为业主对街区事务的控制力更强、对民主原则的尊重度更高、社区认同感更强。这些积极成果使得有 HOA 街区的业主积极分子，与没有 HOA 街区的业主积极分子相比，对当地政府更信任。因此，我们认为城市社区建立在对威权政体的政治信任之上，这一论点使传统观点变得更复杂，传统观点认为，威权政体要么压制公民参与，要么操纵公民组织进行社会控制。
China, community, homeowners’ association, political trust中国、社区、业主委员会、政治信任
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241252043Rezoning a top-notch CBD: The choreography of land-use regulation and creative destruction in Manhattan’s East Midtown
一流中央商务区的重新区划：曼哈顿中城东区土地使用监管和创造性破坏的设计
Igal Charney（以色列海法大学）
首次出版时间：2023/11/29｜研究论文
Abstract
This paper makes the case for the connection between making land-use regulatory changes and the process of destruction and redevelopment. Under the capitalist imperative, buildings that do not fulfil the full potential for profit are likely to be demolished (or refurbished) but demolition and new development are not shaped exclusively by the immutable laws of the market as they are mediated and facilitated by specific institutional contexts. Using the case of East Midtown rezoning in New York City, the paper examines the amendments of two land-use regulatory mechanisms: the enlargement of development rights (rezoning or upzoning) and the relaxation of the spatial limitations on the usage of existing unused rights (transferable development rights). While apparently unconnected, upzoning and transferable development rights are part of the regulatory framework that seeks to secure the ongoing generation of the highest-possible profits for private as well as public interests. By examining the choreography of rezoning and transferable development rights, the paper shows how the mechanics of creative destruction work while substantiating an existing body of knowledge on land use policies and practices in New York City. When used together, rezoning and transferable development rights are instrumental in remaking the built environment. Essentially, the rezoning of a 78-block area in East Midtown Manhattan unlocks captured and latent development rights that otherwise could not come about, and demonstrates the necessity of institutional arrangements to make creative destruction actually work.
本文阐明了土地利用监管变化与破坏和重建过程之间的联系。在资本主义的要求下，没有充分发挥盈利潜力的建筑物可能会被拆除（或翻新），但拆除和新的开发并不完全由市场的不变规律决定，因为它们是由具体的制度环境来调节和促成的。本文以纽约市中城东的重新区划为例，考察了两种土地利用监管机制的修订：扩大开发权（重新区划或升级分区）和放宽对现有未使用权利使用的空间限制（可转让开发权）。升级分区和可转让开发权之间显然没有关联，但它们是监管框架的一部分，旨在确保为私人也为公众持续产生尽可能高的利润。通过考察重新区划和可转让开发权的设计，本文展示了创造性破坏的机制如何发挥作用，同时证实了纽约市土地利用政策和实践的现有知识体系。重新区划和可转让开发权的一起使用有助于重塑建成环境。从本质上讲，曼哈顿中城东区 78 个街区的重新区划释放了原本无法实现的既得的和潜在的开发权，并表明了要使创造性破坏真正发挥作用，制度安排是必要的。
built environment, CBD, land use, real estate, redevelopment/regeneration, rezoning
建成环境、CBD、土地利用、房地产、再开发/更新、重新区划
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231208623Mapping policy pathways: Urban referencing networks in public art policies
绘制政策路径：公共艺术政策中的城市参考网络
Noga Keidar（以色列耶路撒冷希伯来大学）This article examines the dynamics of inter-referencing between cities and develops the concept of the ‘Urban Referencing Network’ as a representation of the references made by cities to one another in policy documents. The study employs public art policies, specifically the Percent for Art policy, to investigate the structure of inter-referencing within the urban referencing network. Using a corpus of policy documents from 26 Anglophone cities with over one million residents, we analyse 150 documents containing 2178 inter-references. Combining network measurements and regressions, we explore the emergence of central nodes and the mechanisms influencing their formation. The broader field of arts and cultural policies, with its extensive inter-urban connections and professional networks, provides fertile ground for studying urban referencing networks. By integrating literature on policy mobility and urban networks, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the circulation of urban ideas and the interplay between cities in policy-making processes. The results demonstrate that only a few cities, including New York, Chicago, London, Seattle, Los Angeles, and Montreal, emerge as central nodes, attracting the other cities’ attention. Attributes of the referenced cities, like economic importance, iconicity and early adoption, determine to a great extent who are the most central nodes.摘要
本文研究了城市之间相互参考的动态，并提出了“城市参考网络”的概念，描述各城市在政策文件中相互参考的现象。本文基于公共艺术政策，特别是艺术百分比政策，考察了城市参考网络内的相互参考结构。我们利用一个政策文件语料库，分析了包含 2,178 处相互参考的 150 个文件。这些政策文件来自 26 个居民人数超过 100 万的英语城市。我们结合网络测量和回归分析，探讨了中心节点的出现以及影响其形成的机制。更广泛的艺术和文化政策领域拥有广阔的城市间联系和专业网络，为研究城市参考网络提供了沃土。通过整合有关政策流动性和城市网络的文献，本研究有助于更深入地了解城市思想的流通以及城市在政策制定过程中的相互作用。结果表明，只有纽约、芝加哥、伦敦、西雅图、洛杉矶和蒙特利尔等少数城市成为中心节点，吸引了其他城市的关注。被参考的城市的属性，如经济重要性、标志性和对于政策的先行采纳，在很大程度上决定了哪些城市是最中心的节点。
comparative urbanism, public art, policy mobility, urban networks, urban space比较城市研究、公共艺术、政策流动性、城市网络、城市空间
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231206853微信号｜USJ_online
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