美味牛肝菌的活性成分及药理作用(4)
保肝
美味牛肝菌多糖能显著抑制四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏指数、血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平以及肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性,对CCl4急性肝损伤小鼠有一定的保护作用[1];能够减轻2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠的肝损伤,其多糖成分能够通过降低大鼠的空腹血糖(GLU)值、甘油三酯(TG)和 MDA含量、肝脏指数以及ALT、AST的活力,提高过氧化氢酶(CAT)、SOD、GSH-Px活力和GSH含量来发挥对T2DM大鼠肝损伤的疗效[2]。
抗菌
美味牛肝菌不同溶剂提取物对多种细菌表现出明显的抑制作用,其甲醇提取物具有较高的抗菌和抗α-葡萄糖苷酶活性[3];水提物对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌209p和鲍曼不动杆菌均有良好的抑菌活性[4];水提取物和甲醇提取物对多重耐药细菌ESKAPE病原体具有抗菌和抗生物膜特性,有望应用于多重耐药病原体引起的伤口感染及预防[5]。
其他作用
此外,美味牛肝菌还具有以下作用。①减轻亚硝酸盐中毒:美味牛肝菌中的亚硝酸盐还原酶(NiR)是第1个从蘑菇中纯化得到的亚硝酸盐还原酶,能够降低泡菜中亚硝酸盐的含量并减轻亚硝酸盐中毒小鼠的中毒症状,延长中毒小鼠的寿命[6];②作为吸附剂:研究发现负载γ-三氧化二铁(γ-Fe2O3)纳米颗粒的美味牛肝菌是一种可行的磁固相萃取微量钴Co(II)和锡Sn(II)的吸附剂,可用于环境和食品中Co(II)和Sn(II)的定量[7];③作为益生菌群调节剂:美味牛肝菌提取物能够调节微生物群并减缓炎症进展,可作为一种新型益生菌群调节剂[8]。
参考文献
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